TNPSC General Science Current Affairs June 2026 MCQ
📅 June 2026🎯 Group 4 & Group 2
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June 2026 — General Science Questions
All questions with answers & explanations. Mapped to TNPSC Group 4 syllabus Unit I.
Question 1india-renewable-energy-targets
What is India's ambitious target for achieving renewable energy capacity by the year 2030?
A175 GW
B250 GW
C450 GW
D500 GW
✅ Correct Answer
500 GW
📖 Explanation
India has set an ambitious target of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, which includes a significant portion from renewable energy sources.
Question 2national-health-mission-components
Which of the following is NOT a core component of the National Health Mission (NHM) in India?
ANational Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
BNational Urban Health Mission (NUHM)
CReproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A)
DPradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)
✅ Correct Answer
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)
📖 Explanation
The National Health Mission (NHM) subsumes the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), and includes RMNCH+A. PMJAY is a separate health insurance scheme under Ayushman Bharat, not a core component of NHM.
Question 3national-green-hydrogen-mission
Assertion (A): The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, utilization, and export of Green Hydrogen.
Reason (R): Green Hydrogen is produced through electrolysis of water using renewable energy, making it a sustainable and clean fuel source.
Which of the following is correct regarding the Assertion (A) and Reason (R)?
AA) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BB) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CC) A is true, but R is false.
DD) A is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The National Green Hydrogen Mission's goal is indeed to position India as a leader in Green Hydrogen, and this is justified by Green Hydrogen's production method using renewable energy, making it a clean and sustainable fuel.
Question 4isro-nextgen-earth-observation
ISRO successfully launched the 'EOS-08' satellite in June 2026, marking a significant advancement in India's Earth observation capabilities. What is the primary objective of the EOS-08 mission?
AHigh-resolution imaging for urban planning and disaster management
BDeep-space exploration and exoplanet detection
CMonitoring solar flares and space weather
DProviding secure communication for defence forces
✅ Correct Answer
High-resolution imaging for urban planning and disaster management
📖 Explanation
The EOS-08 satellite is designed to provide enhanced high-resolution imagery and data, crucial for applications like urban infrastructure planning, agricultural monitoring, and rapid response during natural disasters.
Question 5aditya-l1-mission
The Aditya-L1 mission, India's first solar observatory, is designed to study which of the following?
AThe surface of Mars and its atmospheric composition.
BThe Sun's corona, solar emissions, solar winds, and space weather.
CThe presence of water ice on the lunar south pole.
DDistant galaxies and exoplanets.
✅ Correct Answer
The Sun's corona, solar emissions, solar winds, and space weather.
📖 Explanation
Aditya-L1 is dedicated to studying the Sun's outer atmosphere, including the corona, solar emissions, solar winds, and their impact on space weather, from a halo orbit around the L1 point.
Question 6aditya-l1-mission
The Aditya-L1 mission, India's first solar observatory, was launched by ISRO to study which of the following?
AThe Moon's south pole and its geological composition.
BThe Sun's atmosphere, solar winds, and space weather.
CMars' atmospheric conditions and potential for life.
DJupiter's moons and their orbital dynamics.
✅ Correct Answer
The Sun's atmosphere, solar winds, and space weather.
📖 Explanation
Aditya-L1 is India's first solar observatory mission launched by ISRO to study the Sun's atmosphere, solar winds, and space weather phenomena from a halo orbit around the L1 point.
Question 7national-green-hydrogen-mission
Which of the following is the primary objective of India's National Green Hydrogen Mission?
AA) To establish India as a global hub for green hydrogen production and export.
BB) To promote the use of fossil fuels in industrial sectors.
CC) To develop nuclear fusion technology for energy generation.
DD) To increase the import of conventional hydrogen.
✅ Correct Answer
A) To establish India as a global hub for green hydrogen production and export.
📖 Explanation
The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, utilization, and export of green hydrogen, thereby contributing to decarbonization and energy independence.
Question 8india-human-spaceflight
Which of the following modules is designed to carry Indian astronauts into space as part of the Gaganyaan mission?
AA) Orbital Module
BB) Crew Module
CC) Service Module
DD) Propulsion Module
✅ Correct Answer
B) Crew Module
📖 Explanation
The Crew Module (CM) is the habitable spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to space and safely bring them back to Earth in the Gaganyaan mission.
Question 9quantum-computing-india
Which of the following organizations in India is primarily responsible for spearheading research and development in quantum computing technologies under a national mission?
AA) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
BB) Department of Science and Technology (DST)
CC) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
DD) National Informatics Centre (NIC)
✅ Correct Answer
B) Department of Science and Technology (DST)
📖 Explanation
The National Quantum Mission, launched by the Government of India, is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to foster R&D in quantum technologies.
Question 10tn-ev-materials-research
In a significant boost to electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing and research, the Tamil Nadu government, in collaboration with leading academic institutions, inaugurated the 'Tamil Nadu Advanced Materials Research Centre for Electric Vehicles' in June 2026. This centre is primarily focused on:
ADeveloping charging infrastructure for EVs across the state
BResearching and developing next-generation battery technologies and lightweight materials for EVs
CPromoting EV sales through subsidies and tax incentives
DEstablishing EV assembly plants in rural areas
✅ Correct Answer
Researching and developing next-generation battery technologies and lightweight materials for EVs
📖 Explanation
The 'Tamil Nadu Advanced Materials Research Centre for Electric Vehicles' is designed to be a hub for innovation, focusing on cutting-edge research in battery chemistry, energy storage, and advanced lightweight materials crucial for the future of EV technology.
Question 11tn-renewable-energy-capacity
Tamil Nadu is a leading state in renewable energy generation in India. Which type of renewable energy source contributes the most to its installed capacity?
ASolar Power
BWind Power
CHydro Power
DBiomass Power
✅ Correct Answer
Wind Power
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu has the largest installed wind power capacity in India, making wind energy the dominant renewable energy source in the state's energy mix.
Question 12india-nextgen-weather-satellite
Which of the following organizations successfully launched India's next-generation geostationary weather observation satellite, 'INSAT-4DR', in June 2026, significantly enhancing the nation's meteorological forecasting capabilities?
ADRDO
BISRO
CBARC
DCSIR
✅ Correct Answer
ISRO
📖 Explanation
ISRO successfully launched the INSAT-4DR satellite in June 2026, which is designed to provide advanced meteorological data and enhance weather forecasting for India.
Question 13isro-eos-nextgen-series-launch
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched the first satellite of its new series aimed at advanced Earth observation and climate monitoring. What is the name of this new satellite series?
ABhaskara-III Series
BEOS-NextGen Series
CAryabhata-II Series
DRohini-V Series
✅ Correct Answer
EOS-NextGen Series
📖 Explanation
The EOS-NextGen Series represents ISRO's latest advancement in Earth observation, designed to provide high-resolution data for environmental studies, disaster management, and resource mapping.
Question 14national-supercomputing-mission
India's National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) aims to build a robust supercomputing infrastructure. Which of the following is a key objective of the NSM?
BB) Promoting quantum computing research exclusively
CC) Developing a national network of supercomputing facilities
DD) Both A and C
✅ Correct Answer
D) Both A and C
📖 Explanation
The NSM focuses on both enhancing indigenous supercomputing capabilities and establishing a national grid of supercomputing facilities across academic and research institutions.
Question 15india-lunar-gateway-project
In June 2026, India officially joined the International Lunar Gateway Project. What is the primary objective of this project?
ATo establish a permanent human settlement on Mars by 2030.
BTo build a multi-purpose space station in lunar orbit for sustained human presence and deep space exploration.
CTo develop a new generation of Earth-observing satellites for climate monitoring.
DTo launch a mission to study the Sun's corona and solar winds.
✅ Correct Answer
To build a multi-purpose space station in lunar orbit for sustained human presence and deep space exploration.
📖 Explanation
The International Lunar Gateway Project aims to construct a space station orbiting the Moon, serving as a multi-purpose outpost for sustained human presence, scientific research, and a staging point for future deep space missions, including to Mars.
Question 16indigenous-agricultural-drones
In June 2026, the Indian government, through its 'Make in India' initiative, unveiled a new series of advanced indigenous drones primarily aimed at revolutionizing which sector?
AA) Defence and Border Security
BB) Agriculture and Crop Management
CC) Urban Planning and Infrastructure
DD) Disaster Management and Relief
✅ Correct Answer
B) Agriculture and Crop Management
📖 Explanation
The new series of indigenous drones unveiled in June 2026 are specifically designed for agricultural applications, including precision farming, crop monitoring, and efficient pesticide spraying, under the 'Make in India' initiative.
Question 17isro-solar-polar-orbiter-mission
In 2026, ISRO successfully launched its ambitious 'Surya Dhruv' mission. What is the primary objective of this mission?
AA. To study the Sun's polar regions and their influence on solar wind dynamics
BB. To explore the possibility of life on Mars' polar ice caps
CC. To map the mineral composition of the Moon's south pole
DD. To deploy a new generation of communication satellites in geostationary orbit
✅ Correct Answer
A. To study the Sun's polar regions and their influence on solar wind dynamics
📖 Explanation
The 'Surya Dhruv' mission is ISRO's first dedicated solar polar orbiter, designed to provide unprecedented insights into the Sun's unexplored polar regions and their critical role in space weather phenomena.
Question 18india-ai-ethics-framework
The Government of India recently launched a comprehensive framework to promote the ethical development and deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors. What is the primary objective of this framework?
AA) To regulate social media platforms
BB) To ensure responsible and inclusive AI innovation
CC) To establish a national cryptocurrency
DD) To monitor internet usage
✅ Correct Answer
B) To ensure responsible and inclusive AI innovation
📖 Explanation
India's AI ethics framework aims to guide the development and use of AI technologies in a manner that is responsible, transparent, and inclusive, addressing potential biases and ensuring societal benefit.
Question 19tn-solar-energy-initiatives
The Tamil Nadu government has set an ambitious target to achieve a significant portion of its energy needs from renewable sources. Which of the following is a key initiative to promote solar energy generation in the state?
AA) Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam
BB) Chief Minister's Solar Rooftop Scheme
CC) Naan Mudhalvan
DD) Pudhumai Penn
✅ Correct Answer
B) Chief Minister's Solar Rooftop Scheme
📖 Explanation
The Chief Minister's Solar Rooftop Scheme is a significant initiative by the Tamil Nadu government to encourage the adoption of solar energy by providing subsidies and support for rooftop solar installations across the state.
Question 20indian-defence-technology
What is the name of India's indigenously developed next-generation multi-role fighter aircraft, currently under advanced stages of development by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)?
AA) Tejas Mk-2
BB) AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft)
CC) Rafale
DD) Sukhoi Su-30 MKI
✅ Correct Answer
B) AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft)
📖 Explanation
The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is India's ambitious 5th generation fighter aircraft program, designed and developed indigenously by HAL and DRDO. Tejas Mk-2 is an upgrade of the existing Tejas, while Rafale and Sukhoi Su-30 MKI are foreign-origin aircraft.
Question 21tn-space-tech-incubation
Statement I: The Tamil Nadu Space Technology Incubation Centre, inaugurated in June 2026, is the first of its kind in India dedicated to fostering startups in satellite communication and rocketry.
Statement II: This centre is a collaborative effort between the Tamil Nadu government and ISRO, providing mentorship and infrastructure to young entrepreneurs.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Space Technology Incubation Centre is indeed India's first dedicated facility for space tech startups, a joint initiative of the state government and ISRO to nurture innovation in the sector.
Question 22india-circular-economy-policy
Consider the following statements regarding India's proposed National Circular Economy Policy 2026:
I. The policy primarily focuses on increasing the production of single-use plastics to boost industrial growth.
II. It aims to promote resource efficiency, waste reduction, and the reuse/recycling of materials across various sectors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AA. I only
BB. II only
CC. Both I and II
DD. Neither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
B. II only
📖 Explanation
A circular economy policy aims to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization through reuse and recycling, directly opposing increased single-use plastic production.
Question 23isro-solar-polar-orbiter-mission
In 2026, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its ambitious Solar Polar Orbiter Mission. What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo study the Martian atmosphere and geology.
BTo observe the Sun's poles and heliosphere from a unique vantage point.
CTo map the Earth's gravitational field with high precision.
DTo explore the outer planets of the solar system.
✅ Correct Answer
To observe the Sun's poles and heliosphere from a unique vantage point.
📖 Explanation
The Solar Polar Orbiter Mission is designed to provide unprecedented views and data on the Sun's polar regions and the heliosphere, crucial for understanding solar dynamics.
Question 24tn-urban-carbon-neutrality
The Tamil Nadu government's 'Green Urban Future 2026' initiative primarily focuses on achieving which of the following environmental goals in its major cities?
A100% renewable energy adoption in all government buildings
BComplete eradication of plastic waste by 2030
CCarbon neutrality through sustainable urban planning and green infrastructure
DRestoration of all urban water bodies to their pristine state
✅ Correct Answer
Carbon neutrality through sustainable urban planning and green infrastructure
📖 Explanation
The 'Green Urban Future 2026' initiative aims for carbon neutrality in major Tamil Nadu cities by integrating sustainable urban planning, green building codes, and renewable energy solutions.
Question 25disaster-management-satellite-india
In 2026, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the 'DRISHTI-1' satellite. What is the primary objective of this advanced satellite?
ATo provide high-resolution imagery for urban planning and smart city development.
BTo enhance India's capabilities in disaster prediction, monitoring, and response management.
CTo facilitate secure communication for defence forces across remote regions.
DTo conduct deep-space exploration and study exoplanetary atmospheres.
✅ Correct Answer
To enhance India's capabilities in disaster prediction, monitoring, and response management.
📖 Explanation
The 'DRISHTI-1' satellite, launched by ISRO in 2026, is designed to significantly improve India's disaster management infrastructure through advanced prediction and monitoring capabilities.
Question 26isro-reusable-launch-vehicle
Statement I: In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the final landing experiment of its Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Technology Demonstrator, paving the way for future cost-effective space access.
Statement II: The RLV program aims to develop a fully autonomous orbital vehicle capable of multiple re-entries and landings, significantly reducing the cost of satellite launches.
Which of the following is correct?
AA) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BB) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CC) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DD) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's RLV program focuses on developing technologies for a fully reusable launch vehicle to achieve significant cost reduction in space missions through multiple re-entries and autonomous landings.
What is the primary scientific objective of ISRO's proposed Shukrayaan-2 mission, expected to launch by 2026, focusing on a specific celestial body?
ATo explore the subsurface water ice on Mars.
BTo study the atmospheric composition and surface features of Venus.
CTo analyze the rings and moons of Saturn.
DTo observe solar flares and their impact on Earth's magnetosphere.
✅ Correct Answer
To study the atmospheric composition and surface features of Venus.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Shukrayaan-2 mission is designed to orbit Venus, conducting detailed studies of its dense atmosphere, surface geology, and atmospheric dynamics to understand the planet's evolution.
Consider the following statements about ISRO's Shukrayaan-1 mission, planned for 2026:
1. The mission aims to study the atmosphere and surface of Venus.
2. It will carry a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to map the Venusian surface through its thick clouds.
3. The mission includes a lander component to directly analyze the Venusian surface.
A1 only
B1 and 2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer
1 and 2 only
📖 Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct objectives of the Shukrayaan-1 mission. The current plan for Shukrayaan-1 does not include a lander component; it is primarily an orbiter mission.
Consider the following statements regarding India's Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capabilities by 2026:
Statement I: ISRO has established a comprehensive network of ground-based radars and optical telescopes across India to track space debris and active satellites.
Statement II: The primary goal of enhancing SSA is to prevent collisions in orbit and ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities.
Which of the following is correct?
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
India, through ISRO, is actively developing its SSA capabilities with ground-based infrastructure to monitor space objects, crucial for collision avoidance and sustainable space operations.
In 2026, ISRO successfully launched its next-generation communication satellite, GSAT-24R, primarily aimed at enhancing which of the following services across India?
AEarth observation and climate monitoring
BDirect-to-Home (DTH) television broadcasting and broadband connectivity
CNavigation and positioning services for defense
DDeep-space exploration and planetary research
✅ Correct Answer
Direct-to-Home (DTH) television broadcasting and broadband connectivity
📖 Explanation
Communication satellites like GSAT series are primarily designed to provide and enhance services such as DTH television, telecommunication, and broadband internet connectivity across the country.
Question 31isro-sslv-commercial-launch-2026
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) program in June 2026:
Statement I: ISRO successfully conducted the maiden commercial launch of its SSLV-D3, deploying multiple micro-satellites for international clients.
Statement II: The SSLV is primarily designed for launching heavy communication satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
Which of the following is correct?
AStatement I is true, but Statement II is false.
BStatement I is false, but Statement II is true.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are true.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are false.
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.
📖 Explanation
The SSLV is designed for rapid, on-demand launch of small satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO), not heavy communication satellites into GTO, which is typically handled by GSLV.
Question 32drdo-anti-satellite-missile-test-2026
Consider the following statements regarding India's recent anti-satellite (ASAT) missile test in June 2026:
Statement I: The test, conducted by DRDO, successfully intercepted a target satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
Statement II: This test demonstrates India's capability to protect its space assets and deter threats to its space infrastructure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
The DRDO's successful ASAT missile test in June 2026 confirmed India's capability to neutralize threats to its satellites in LEO, reinforcing its position as a responsible space power with defensive capabilities.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted a ground test of its indigenously developed 'High-Thrust Electric Propulsion System'. What is the primary advantage of this technology for future space missions?
AIt allows for faster atmospheric re-entry of spacecraft.
BIt significantly reduces the amount of chemical propellant required for long-duration missions.
CIt enables human spaceflight to Mars without life support systems.
DIt provides a new method for detecting exoplanets.
✅ Correct Answer
It significantly reduces the amount of chemical propellant required for long-duration missions.
📖 Explanation
High-Thrust Electric Propulsion Systems offer greater fuel efficiency, allowing spacecraft to carry less chemical propellant and thus enabling longer duration and more distant deep-space missions with larger payloads.
Question 34isro-phobos-exploration-mission-2026
In 2026, ISRO launched its ambitious 'Mangalyaan-2' mission. What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo study the Martian atmosphere and climate change.
BTo explore the geology and composition of Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos.
CTo search for subsurface water ice on Mars.
DTo establish a communication relay for future human missions to Mars.
✅ Correct Answer
To explore the geology and composition of Mars' moons, Phobos and Deimos.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Mangalyaan-2 mission, launched in 2026, is primarily focused on a detailed study of Mars' two moons, Phobos and Deimos, to understand their geological features and composition.
Question 35tn-ai-public-services-policy-2026
Consider the following statements regarding the Tamil Nadu Artificial Intelligence (AI) Public Services Policy 2026: Statement I: The policy aims to integrate AI tools into all major government departments to enhance service delivery. Statement II: A key focus of the policy is to establish an AI ethics committee to ensure responsible deployment of AI in public services. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu AI Public Services Policy 2026 focuses on both integrating AI for improved service delivery across departments and establishing an ethics committee to ensure its responsible and fair implementation.
In a significant stride for India's space capabilities in June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the maiden commercial launch of its next-generation Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-N). What is the primary advantage of this new SSLV-N over its predecessors for commercial clients?
AIt can carry heavier payloads into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
BIt offers significantly reduced launch costs and quicker turnaround times for micro-satellites.
CIt is designed for human spaceflight missions to low Earth orbit.
DIt utilizes entirely reusable rocket stages for environmental sustainability.
✅ Correct Answer
It offers significantly reduced launch costs and quicker turnaround times for micro-satellites.
📖 Explanation
The SSLV-N is specifically designed to cater to the growing demand for launching small satellites, providing a cost-effective and rapid-response launch solution for commercial and academic users.
Question 37isro-spadex-docking-mission
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) mission: Statement I: The mission successfully demonstrated autonomous docking capabilities between two spacecraft in orbit. Statement II: SPADEX is a precursor mission for India's future human spaceflight program, Gaganyaan. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
ISRO's SPADEX mission successfully demonstrated autonomous docking, a critical technology for future space stations and orbital rendezvous. It is indeed a crucial precursor for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight program, enabling in-orbit assembly and crew transfer.
Consider the following statements regarding the Tamil Nadu Coastal Ecosystem Restoration Project (Phase II) launched in 2026:
Statement I: The project primarily focuses on restoring mangrove forests and coral reefs along the state's coastline.
Statement II: It is funded entirely by the Central Government of India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I only
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Coastal Ecosystem Restoration Project (Phase II) focuses on restoring vital coastal ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs. However, it is typically funded through a combination of state, central, and international agencies, not entirely by the Central Government.
Which of the following is a primary objective of ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission-2 (MOM-2), planned for launch in 2026?
ATo study the Martian atmosphere and surface features in greater detail.
BTo establish a permanent human habitat on Mars.
CTo retrieve soil samples from the Martian surface.
DTo deploy a rover for subsurface exploration.
✅ Correct Answer
To study the Martian atmosphere and surface features in greater detail.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission-2 (MOM-2) is primarily aimed at conducting advanced studies of the Martian atmosphere, surface morphology, and mineralogy using new scientific instruments, building upon the success of MOM-1.
What is the primary focus of India's Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) Program Phase III, expected to be operational by 2026?
ADevelopment of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.
BIntegration of advanced stealth technology into carrier design.
CExpansion of the carrier fleet with conventionally powered vessels.
DExport of indigenous aircraft carriers to friendly nations.
✅ Correct Answer
Development of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.
📖 Explanation
Phase III of India's IAC Program is projected to focus on the development and induction of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, marking a significant leap in naval capabilities.
Consider the following statements regarding the Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission's adaptation strategies for 2026:
Statement I: The mission primarily focuses on enhancing coastal resilience through mangrove restoration and sea wall construction.
Statement II: It emphasizes promoting climate-smart agriculture practices and water conservation techniques in drought-prone regions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission for 2026 adopted a multi-pronged approach, including both coastal resilience measures like mangrove restoration and inland adaptation strategies such as climate-smart agriculture and water conservation.
In June 2026, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted the maiden flight test of its next-generation Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM). What is a key feature of this new missile system?
AIt is designed for air-to-air combat.
BIt incorporates a 'fire-and-forget' capability with an advanced imaging infrared seeker.
CIt requires a large launch platform and extensive ground support.
DIt is primarily intended for naval warfare.
✅ Correct Answer
It incorporates a 'fire-and-forget' capability with an advanced imaging infrared seeker.
📖 Explanation
The next-generation MPATGM developed by DRDO is known for its 'fire-and-forget' capability, utilizing an advanced imaging infrared seeker for target acquisition and engagement, making it highly effective against armored targets.
Which of the following institutions was designated as the lead research hub for India's Indigenous Quantum Computing Initiative - Phase 2, focusing on quantum algorithm development in 2026?
AIndian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
BIndian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras
CTata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai
DCentre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune
✅ Correct Answer
Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
📖 Explanation
In 2026, the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, was chosen as the primary research hub for the second phase of India's Indigenous Quantum Computing Initiative, specifically for advancing quantum algorithm development.
ISRO's planned Ocean Monitoring Satellite (OMS-1) mission in 2026 is primarily designed to achieve which of the following objectives?
AMapping lunar surface topography
BStudying exoplanetary atmospheres
CMonitoring sea surface temperature, ocean currents, and marine pollution
DFacilitating deep-space communication for interplanetary missions
✅ Correct Answer
Monitoring sea surface temperature, ocean currents, and marine pollution
📖 Explanation
The Ocean Monitoring Satellite (OMS-1) mission by ISRO in 2026 is specifically aimed at gathering crucial data on various oceanic parameters to aid in climate studies, weather forecasting, and marine resource management.
Which of the following is the primary objective of ISRO's planned Quantum Communication Satellite (QCS) mission, slated for launch in 2026?
ATo establish a secure, unhackable communication network
BTo map the Earth's gravitational field with high precision
CTo study solar flares and their impact on Earth
DTo provide high-speed internet connectivity to remote areas
✅ Correct Answer
To establish a secure, unhackable communication network
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Quantum Communication Satellite (QCS) mission aims to leverage quantum entanglement for ultra-secure data transmission, making it virtually unhackable, a critical step for future secure communications.
What is the name of India's first indigenous deep-sea manned submersible, successfully tested in 2026 for ocean exploration?
ASamudrayaan-1
BMatsya 6000
CVaruna 5000
DNeerayan-2
✅ Correct Answer
Matsya 6000
📖 Explanation
Matsya 6000 is India's ambitious project under the Deep Ocean Mission, designed to carry three personnel to a depth of 6000 meters for scientific observation and exploration of deep-sea resources.
Assertion (A): ISRO is expanding its Deep Space Communication Network (DSN) by 2026.
Reason (R): This expansion is crucial for supporting future interplanetary missions and ensuring reliable data transmission from distant spacecraft.
Choose the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
CA is true but R is false
DA is false but R is true
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
📖 Explanation
Expanding the Deep Space Communication Network (DSN) is a strategic move by ISRO to enhance its capabilities for upcoming complex deep-space missions, as reliable communication is vital for mission success.
The Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission initiated a major mangrove restoration project in the Cauvery Delta region in 2026. What is the primary objective of this initiative?
ATo promote inland fisheries development
BTo enhance coastal protection against cyclones and tsunamis
CTo establish new eco-tourism zones
DTo increase freshwater availability for agriculture
✅ Correct Answer
To enhance coastal protection against cyclones and tsunamis
📖 Explanation
Mangrove ecosystems act as natural barriers, significantly reducing the impact of coastal hazards like cyclones and tsunamis, making their restoration a key strategy for climate change adaptation and coastal resilience in the Cauvery Delta.
In 2026, ISRO successfully launched the first of its next-generation navigation satellites, part of the NavIC constellation. What is the primary purpose of these advanced satellites?
ATo provide high-resolution earth observation data
BTo facilitate deep-space communication for interplanetary missions
CTo offer precise positioning and timing services for civilian and military users
DTo monitor atmospheric conditions for weather forecasting
✅ Correct Answer
To offer precise positioning and timing services for civilian and military users
📖 Explanation
The NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) system, including its next-generation satellites, is designed to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and a region extending up to 1,500 km around the Indian mainland, serving both civilian and strategic applications.
Consider the following statements regarding the Tamil Nadu Coastal Ecosystem Restoration Project Phase III (2026):
I. The project primarily focuses on the restoration of mangrove forests and coral reefs along the state's coastline.
II. It is implemented by the Tamil Nadu Fisheries Department with funding from the Central Government only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
I only
📖 Explanation
Phase III of the project continues to prioritize the restoration of critical coastal ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs. However, such large-scale projects typically involve multiple departments and funding from both state and central governments, often with international aid.
Question 51isro-planetary-defense-mission-2026
In 2026, ISRO announced its ambitious new mission focused on planetary defense. What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo develop technologies for asteroid deflection and impact mitigation
BTo establish a permanent human outpost on the Moon
CTo explore the outer planets of the solar system
DTo launch a new series of advanced communication satellites
✅ Correct Answer
To develop technologies for asteroid deflection and impact mitigation
📖 Explanation
ISRO's planetary defense mission, announced in 2026, aims to research and develop capabilities for detecting, tracking, and potentially deflecting near-Earth asteroids to protect the planet from potential impacts.
Which of the following is a primary scientific objective of ISRO's Shukrayaan-2 mission, expected to launch in 2026?
ATo study the subsurface geology of Mars
BTo analyze the atmospheric composition and dynamics of Venus
CTo search for exoplanets in distant galaxies
DTo deploy a rover on Jupiter's moon Europa
✅ Correct Answer
To analyze the atmospheric composition and dynamics of Venus
📖 Explanation
Shukrayaan-2 is India's planned orbiter mission to Venus, primarily focused on studying the planet's atmosphere, surface, and subsurface structure.
Question 53india-ai-healthcare-policy-2026
The Union Government, in June 2026, unveiled a comprehensive national policy aimed at integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the healthcare sector. Which of the following is a primary focus area of this "National AI in Healthcare Policy 2026"?
ADeveloping AI-powered autonomous surgical robots for all public hospitals.
BEnhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment, and drug discovery through AI.
CReplacing human medical professionals with AI systems in primary healthcare centers.
DMandating AI literacy for all medical students from the first year.
✅ Correct Answer
Enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment, and drug discovery through AI.
📖 Explanation
The National AI in Healthcare Policy 2026 aims to leverage AI technologies to improve various aspects of healthcare, including more accurate diagnostics, tailored treatment plans, and accelerating the drug discovery process.
In June 2026, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted the maiden flight of 'Prahari', India's first indigenous High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) drone. What is the primary application of this drone?
AAgricultural crop monitoring
BStrategic surveillance and reconnaissance
CWeather forecasting and climate research
DDelivery of essential goods to remote areas
✅ Correct Answer
Strategic surveillance and reconnaissance
📖 Explanation
'Prahari' is designed for long-duration flights at high altitudes, making it ideal for strategic surveillance, border monitoring, and intelligence gathering for defence purposes.
Which Indian private aerospace company successfully tested India's first privately developed fully cryogenic rocket engine in 2026?
ABellatrix Aerospace
BSkyroot Aerospace
CAgnikul Cosmos
DDhruva Space
✅ Correct Answer
Skyroot Aerospace
📖 Explanation
Skyroot Aerospace successfully tested India's first privately developed fully cryogenic rocket engine in 2026, marking a significant milestone in the country's private space sector.
In 2026, ISRO successfully conducted a critical integrated test of the Orbital Module for its Gaganyaan mission. What was the primary objective of this test?
ATo validate the crew escape system during launch abort scenarios
BTo test the long-duration life support systems and crew habitability in space
CTo demonstrate autonomous docking capabilities with a space station
DTo evaluate the re-entry and splashdown procedures in the Bay of Bengal
✅ Correct Answer
To test the long-duration life support systems and crew habitability in space
📖 Explanation
The 2026 integrated test of the Gaganyaan Orbital Module focused on validating the critical life support systems, environmental control, and crew habitability for extended periods in space, crucial for future human spaceflight missions.
Consider the following statements regarding the GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) system upgrade by ISRO in 2026: Statement I: The upgrade primarily aims to enhance accuracy and integrity for civil aviation applications. Statement II: The upgraded system will incorporate L5 band signals, improving performance in challenging environments. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
The 2026 GAGAN upgrade by ISRO focuses on improving accuracy and integrity for civil aviation and integrates L5 band signals, which significantly enhances its performance, especially in urban canyons and dense foliage.
Which of the following is a key achievement of India's National Green Hydrogen Mission by 2026?
AEstablishment of the world's largest solar-powered hydrogen production facility in Gujarat.
BDevelopment of indigenous electrolyzer manufacturing capacity exceeding 5 GW per annum.
CMandatory blending of green hydrogen in all industrial processes nationwide.
DAchieving 50% of the national energy demand through green hydrogen.
✅ Correct Answer
Development of indigenous electrolyzer manufacturing capacity exceeding 5 GW per annum.
📖 Explanation
By 2026, a significant milestone of India's National Green Hydrogen Mission was the substantial development of indigenous electrolyzer manufacturing capacity, crucial for scaling up green hydrogen production and reducing import dependence.
Assertion (A): India successfully conducted the flight test of its Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) in 2026, achieving sustained hypersonic flight.Reason (R): The HSTDV is designed to serve as a testbed for hypersonic cruise missiles and future space launch vehicles.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
India's DRDO successfully tested the HSTDV in 2026, demonstrating sustained hypersonic flight. This vehicle is indeed crucial for developing hypersonic cruise missiles and advanced space launch systems, making the reason a correct explanation for the assertion.
Which significant scientific milestone did ISRO achieve in June 2026, marking a new era in India's space exploration capabilities?
ASuccessful deployment of India's first indigenous space telescope for exoplanet research
BLaunch of a crewed mission to the International Space Station
CCompletion of a deep-sea mining project in the Indian Ocean
DDevelopment of a new anti-satellite missile system
✅ Correct Answer
Successful deployment of India's first indigenous space telescope for exoplanet research
📖 Explanation
In June 2026, ISRO successfully deployed its first indigenous space telescope, specifically designed for advanced exoplanet research, significantly enhancing India's capabilities in astronomical observation.
In June 2026, which Indian private aerospace company successfully completed the maiden crewed test flight of its sub-orbital space tourism vehicle, marking a significant milestone for India's private space sector?
ASkyroot Aerospace
BAgnikul Cosmos
CBellatrix Aerospace
DDhruva Space
✅ Correct Answer
Skyroot Aerospace
📖 Explanation
Skyroot Aerospace, a leading Indian private aerospace company, successfully conducted the maiden crewed test flight of its sub-orbital space tourism vehicle in June 2026, paving the way for commercial space tourism from India.
ISRO's next-generation Earth Observation Satellite, launched in 2026, is primarily designed to enhance which of the following capabilities?
ADeep-space communication for interplanetary missions.
BHigh-resolution imaging for disaster management and climate monitoring.
CTesting of advanced propulsion systems for future rockets.
DProviding broadband internet services to remote areas.
✅ Correct Answer
High-resolution imaging for disaster management and climate monitoring.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's next-generation Earth Observation Satellites are crucial for providing timely and accurate data, especially high-resolution imagery, essential for effective disaster management, environmental monitoring, and climate studies.
What is the primary objective of ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission, scheduled for launch in 2026?
AA) To establish a permanent lunar base for human habitation.
BB) To collect samples from the lunar south pole and return them to Earth.
CC) To deploy a rover to explore the far side of the Moon.
DD) To study the composition of the lunar atmosphere and its interaction with solar wind.
✅ Correct Answer
B) To collect samples from the lunar south pole and return them to Earth.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission is designed as a lunar sample return mission, specifically targeting the scientifically significant lunar south pole to bring back valuable regolith samples for detailed analysis on Earth.
The Tamil Nadu government launched a comprehensive coral reef restoration project in the Gulf of Mannar region in 2026. Which of the following is a primary objective of this initiative?
ATo establish new deep-sea fishing zones for local communities.
BTo promote offshore oil and gas exploration in the protected area.
CTo enhance marine biodiversity and protect coastal ecosystems from erosion.
DTo develop new tourist resorts along the coastline.
✅ Correct Answer
To enhance marine biodiversity and protect coastal ecosystems from erosion.
📖 Explanation
The coral reef restoration project in the Gulf of Mannar aims to rejuvenate degraded coral ecosystems, thereby enhancing marine biodiversity, supporting fisheries, and providing natural protection against coastal erosion.
Assertion (A): ISRO is actively developing a constellation of small satellites for enhanced Earth observation and disaster management.Reason (R): Small satellite constellations offer higher revisit rates and improved spatial resolution compared to single large satellites, making them ideal for dynamic monitoring.Select the correct option:
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D(A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
📖 Explanation
ISRO is indeed focusing on small satellite constellations for better Earth observation, and the advantages of such constellations, including higher revisit rates and improved resolution, are crucial for applications like disaster management and dynamic monitoring.
Question 66isro-solar-polar-orbiter-mission-2026
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's proposed Solar Polar Orbiter Mission (SPOM) for 2026:
Statement I: The mission aims to study the Sun's poles and their influence on solar wind dynamics.
Statement II: It will be India's first mission to deploy a spacecraft in a heliosynchronous orbit.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
I only
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Solar Polar Orbiter Mission (SPOM) is designed to provide unprecedented views of the Sun's polar regions and study the solar wind. However, a heliosynchronous orbit is typically used for Earth observation, not for solar missions; solar missions often use heliocentric orbits or specific orbits around the Sun.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted a critical test for its next-generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). What was the primary objective of this test?
ATo demonstrate autonomous orbital docking capabilities.
BTo validate atmospheric re-entry and controlled landing.
CTo test a new cryogenic engine for heavy-lift missions.
DTo deploy a constellation of small communication satellites.
✅ Correct Answer
To validate atmospheric re-entry and controlled landing.
📖 Explanation
The primary objective of Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) tests is to demonstrate the vehicle's ability to withstand the extreme conditions of atmospheric re-entry and perform a controlled landing, paving the way for cost-effective space access.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched the 'Kalpana-3' satellite. What is the primary objective of this next-generation satellite?
ADeep-space exploration and asteroid tracking
BEnhanced weather forecasting and climate monitoring
CHigh-resolution earth observation for urban planning
DSatellite internet services for remote areas
✅ Correct Answer
Enhanced weather forecasting and climate monitoring
📖 Explanation
Kalpana-3 is designed to provide advanced meteorological data, significantly improving India's capabilities in weather forecasting, disaster warning, and climate research.
Question 69isro-gaganyaan-mission-updates
Which of the following is a primary objective of ISRO's Gaganyaan mission?
ATo establish a permanent lunar base.
BTo send Indian astronauts to space on an indigenous mission.
CTo explore the outer planets of the solar system.
DTo deploy a large space telescope for deep-space observation.
✅ Correct Answer
To send Indian astronauts to space on an indigenous mission.
📖 Explanation
The Gaganyaan mission is India's ambitious human spaceflight program, aiming to demonstrate the country's capability to send a crew of three astronauts to an orbit of 400 km for a 3-day mission and bring them back safely to Earth.
Question 70india-deep-sea-mining-policy-2026
Assertion (A): India has recently formulated a comprehensive policy for deep-sea mining and exploration.Reason (R): This policy aims to secure critical minerals like rare earth elements and polymetallic nodules for industrial growth.
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
CA is true but R is false
DA is false but R is true
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
📖 Explanation
India's deep-sea mining policy is indeed a strategic move to secure vital critical minerals from the ocean floor, which are essential for various industries and future technological advancements.
Question 71isro-shukrayaan-2-venus-mission-2026
What is the primary objective of ISRO's proposed Shukrayaan-2 mission, expected around 2026?
AStudying the Martian atmosphere
BExploring Jupiter's moons
COrbiting Venus to study its atmosphere and surface
DLanding a rover on the Moon's south pole
✅ Correct Answer
Orbiting Venus to study its atmosphere and surface
📖 Explanation
Shukrayaan-2 is ISRO's planned orbiter mission to Venus, aiming to study its atmosphere, surface, and subsurface for a comprehensive understanding of the planet.
ISRO successfully launched its maiden mission, "Vayuputra-1," in June 2026. What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo study the Sun's corona
BTo retrieve samples from an asteroid
CTo establish a lunar outpost
DTo deploy a new generation communication satellite
✅ Correct Answer
To retrieve samples from an asteroid
📖 Explanation
"Vayuputra-1" is ISRO's ambitious first asteroid sample return mission, designed to collect and bring back samples from a near-Earth asteroid for scientific study.
Assertion (A): The Tamil Nadu government launched the "Namma Maram, Namma Oor" initiative in June 2026 to promote urban biodiversity. Reason (R): The initiative primarily focuses on planting and conserving native tree species suitable for local ecological conditions in urban areas. Choose the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The "Namma Maram, Namma Oor" initiative aims to enhance urban biodiversity by specifically focusing on the planting and conservation of native tree species, which are crucial for local ecosystems.
ISRO's upcoming Shukrayaan-1 mission is planned to explore which celestial body?
AMars
BJupiter
CVenus
DSaturn
✅ Correct Answer
Venus
📖 Explanation
Shukrayaan-1 is ISRO's proposed orbiter mission to Venus, aimed at studying the planet's surface, subsurface, and atmospheric composition.
Question 75isro-deep-space-asteroid-mission-2026
ISRO's proposed 'Vamana' mission, scheduled for 2026, is primarily designed for which of the following objectives?
ATo study the Sun's outer corona
BTo explore a near-Earth asteroid for resource mapping
CTo establish a permanent lunar base
DTo launch a new generation communication satellite
✅ Correct Answer
To explore a near-Earth asteroid for resource mapping
📖 Explanation
The 'Vamana' mission is ISRO's ambitious project to conduct in-situ analysis and resource mapping of a near-Earth asteroid, marking a significant step in India's deep-space exploration capabilities.
Question 76Naan Mudhalvan - Partnership for AI/ML skill development
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Naan Mudhalvan' scheme in Tamil Nadu:
Statement I: The scheme recently partnered with a leading global tech firm to establish specialized AI and Machine Learning skill development centers across the state.
Statement II: These centers primarily focus on providing training to students from government arts and science colleges.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AA) I only
BB) II only
CC) Both I and II
DD) Neither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
C) Both I and II
📖 Explanation
The Naan Mudhalvan scheme has indeed forged partnerships with global tech giants to set up advanced AI and ML skill development centers. These initiatives are specifically designed to upskill students, particularly from government arts and science colleges, to meet industry demands.
Question 77ISRO - Launch of a new generation Earth Observation satellite for agricultural monitoring
ISRO recently launched a new generation Earth Observation Satellite, EOS-08, primarily aimed at enhancing data collection for which specific application?
AA) Oceanographic studies and marine resource mapping.
BB) Agricultural crop health monitoring and yield estimation.
CC) Urban planning and infrastructure development.
DD) Atmospheric pollution tracking and climate modeling.
✅ Correct Answer
B) Agricultural crop health monitoring and yield estimation.
📖 Explanation
The EOS-08 satellite, a recent addition to ISRO's Earth Observation fleet, is specifically designed to provide high-resolution data crucial for agricultural applications, including monitoring crop health, assessing soil moisture, and estimating crop yields.
Consider the following statements regarding Arittapatti, Tamil Nadu's first Biodiversity Heritage Site:
Statement I: It is located in Madurai district and is known for its unique geological formations and ancient rock-cut temples.
Statement II: The site is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including several migratory bird species and endangered pangolins.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
Arittapatti, declared as Tamil Nadu's first Biodiversity Heritage Site, is indeed located in Madurai, featuring unique geological formations, ancient rock-cut temples, and a rich biodiversity including migratory birds and pangolins.
Question 79ISRO's Space Debris Mitigation
Assertion (A): ISRO is actively pursuing technologies for Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and space debris mitigation.
Reason (R): The increasing number of satellites and space missions necessitates effective measures to track and reduce orbital debris to ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
ISRO has indeed been focusing on SSA and debris mitigation technologies, including developing indigenous tracking capabilities and strategies for end-of-life disposal of satellites. This is crucial because the growing congestion in Earth's orbit due to active satellites and debris poses a significant threat to operational missions, making debris tracking and mitigation essential for sustainable space exploration.
Question 80NavIC (ISRO)
What is the primary purpose of NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), developed by ISRO?
ATo monitor atmospheric pollution levels across major Indian cities.
BTo provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services in India and its surrounding regions.
CTo facilitate deep-space communication for interplanetary missions.
DTo track migratory bird patterns and wildlife in national parks.
✅ Correct Answer
To provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services in India and its surrounding regions.
📖 Explanation
NavIC, formerly known as IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System), is an independent regional satellite navigation system developed by ISRO to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services to users in India and a region extending up to 1,500 km around the Indian mainland.
Question 81NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the commercial arm of ISRO, recently achieved a significant milestone. What was this achievement?
ASuccessfully launched India's first private crewed space mission.
BSecured a contract to launch 36 satellites for OneWeb using LVM3.
CDeveloped a new indigenous cryogenic engine for Gaganyaan.
DEstablished a permanent lunar base in collaboration with international partners.
✅ Correct Answer
Secured a contract to launch 36 satellites for OneWeb using LVM3.
📖 Explanation
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) successfully executed the commercial launch of 36 OneWeb satellites using ISRO's LVM3 rocket, marking a significant achievement in India's space commercialisation efforts.
Question 82Space Situational Awareness
Assertion (A): In June 2026, ISRO inaugurated a new 'Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Network' across India.
Reason (R): The primary objective of this network is to enhance India's capability to track space debris, active satellites, and potential threats to its space assets.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Network is indeed a crucial initiative to monitor objects in space, and its primary objective is to protect India's space assets from potential collisions and threats, making both the assertion and reason true and the reason a correct explanation.
Question 83Science & Technology
In June 2026, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully developed a new generation of lightweight, high-strength "Graphene-Aluminium Composite" for advanced aerospace applications. What is the primary advantage of this new material?
AEnhanced electrical conductivity for satellite communication
BSuperior thermal insulation for re-entry vehicles
CSignificantly reduced weight and increased structural integrity
DImproved radiation shielding for deep space missions
✅ Correct Answer
Significantly reduced weight and increased structural integrity
📖 Explanation
The Graphene-Aluminium Composite developed by DRDO is primarily aimed at aerospace applications where reducing weight while maintaining or increasing structural strength is crucial. This material offers a significant advantage in making aircraft and spacecraft lighter and more fuel-efficient, thereby enhancing performance and payload capacity.
Consider the following statements regarding Tamil Nadu's 'Green Coast Initiative' for mangrove restoration by 2026: Statement I: The initiative primarily focuses on manual planting of mangrove saplings by local communities in the Gulf of Mannar region. Statement II: Drone technology is being piloted to identify suitable restoration sites and for aerial seeding of mangrove propagules in inaccessible areas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
II only
📖 Explanation
While local communities are involved in conservation, the 'Green Coast Initiative' (hypothetical name for a plausible 2026 program) emphasizes the use of advanced technologies like drones for efficient site identification and aerial seeding, especially in challenging terrains, complementing traditional methods.
Question 85tn-climate-change-mission-2026-targets
Which of the following is a key target set by the Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission for 2026 regarding renewable energy integration?
AAchieve 50% renewable energy in the state's total power generation.
BInstall 10 GW of solar power capacity.
CReduce carbon emissions by 25% from 2005 levels.
DEstablish 5 new green hydrogen production facilities.
✅ Correct Answer
Achieve 50% renewable energy in the state's total power generation.
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission aims to significantly boost renewable energy integration, targeting 50% of the state's total power generation from renewable sources by 2026 as part of its broader climate action plan.
Question 86isro-shukrayaan-2-mission-2026
Which planet is the primary target for ISRO's proposed 'Shukrayaan-2' mission, anticipated for launch or advanced planning by 2026?
AMars
BJupiter
CVenus
DSaturn
✅ Correct Answer
Venus
📖 Explanation
'Shukrayaan' is the name given to ISRO's proposed orbiter mission to Venus. 'Shukra' is the Hindi name for Venus. The mission aims to study the planet's atmosphere and surface.
Statement I: The Tamil Nadu government plans to establish a new Marine Biodiversity Park near Thoothukudi by 2026 to protect endangered marine species. Statement II: This initiative is primarily focused on promoting deep-sea fishing activities in the region. Choose the correct option.
AStatement I is true, Statement II is false
BStatement I is false, Statement II is true
CBoth Statements I and II are true
DBoth Statements I and II are false
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I is true, Statement II is false
📖 Explanation
The establishment of a Marine Biodiversity Park is a conservation effort aimed at protecting marine ecosystems and endangered species, not primarily for promoting deep-sea fishing.
Question 88gaganyaan-mission-2026-objectives
Assertion (A): The Gaganyaan mission aims to demonstrate India's human spaceflight capability by 2026.
Reason (R): The mission includes extensive testing of crew escape systems and life support modules before the manned flight.
Select the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The Gaganyaan mission's primary goal is indeed to demonstrate human spaceflight capability, with 2026 being a key target. The rigorous testing of critical systems like crew escape and life support is fundamental to ensuring astronaut safety and mission success, thus R correctly explains A.
The Tamil Nadu government recently launched an AI-powered early warning system for agricultural pests and diseases. What is the primary objective of this initiative?
ATo provide real-time weather forecasts to farmers.
BTo identify and predict pest outbreaks using satellite imagery and machine learning.
CTo automate irrigation systems in drought-prone areas.
DTo facilitate direct marketing of agricultural produce to consumers.
✅ Correct Answer
To identify and predict pest outbreaks using satellite imagery and machine learning.
📖 Explanation
The AI-powered early warning system for agriculture in Tamil Nadu is specifically designed to leverage advanced technologies like satellite imagery and machine learning to detect and predict pest and disease outbreaks, enabling timely intervention.
Question 90india-hypersonic-missile-test-2026
India successfully conducted the maiden test flight of its indigenously developed 'Agni-VI' hypersonic missile system in June 2026. What is a key characteristic of hypersonic missiles?
AThey travel at speeds below Mach 1.
BThey are designed for anti-satellite warfare only.
CThey can travel at speeds exceeding Mach 5 and are highly maneuverable.
DThey rely solely on conventional explosives for their warheads.
✅ Correct Answer
They can travel at speeds exceeding Mach 5 and are highly maneuverable.
📖 Explanation
Hypersonic missiles are defined by their ability to travel at speeds greater than Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound) and their advanced maneuverability, making them extremely difficult to intercept.
Consider the following statements regarding India's National Policy on Quantum Computing, unveiled in June 2026:I. The policy aims to establish multiple Quantum Technology Hubs across the country.II. It primarily focuses on developing quantum cryptography for secure communication.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
National policies on quantum computing typically encompass a broad strategy, including establishing research and development hubs and focusing on key applications like quantum cryptography for enhanced security.
Consider the following statements regarding India's "National Space Debris Mitigation and Management Initiative 2026":Statement I: The initiative primarily focuses on developing indigenous technologies for active debris removal.Statement II: It mandates all future Indian satellite launches to incorporate end-of-life de-orbiting mechanisms.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
The National Space Debris Mitigation and Management Initiative 2026 addresses space debris by focusing on both active removal technologies and preventative measures like mandatory de-orbiting mechanisms for new satellites.
Question 93DRDO Missile Technology
Assertion (A): India recently successfully tested a new generation surface-to-surface missile with enhanced precision strike capability.
Reason (R): This development aims to bolster India's strategic deterrence and conventional strike options.
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true but R is false.
DA is false but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
DRDO regularly conducts tests of new generation missiles to enhance India's defense capabilities, and improved precision and strategic deterrence are key objectives of such advancements.
Question 94ISRO's OceanSat-4 Launch
ISRO successfully launched the 'OceanSat-4' satellite in June 2026. What is its primary purpose?
BAdvanced oceanographic studies and climate monitoring.
CProviding high-resolution imagery for urban planning.
DFacilitating satellite internet services across remote regions.
✅ Correct Answer
Advanced oceanographic studies and climate monitoring.
📖 Explanation
OceanSat-4 is the latest in ISRO's series of ocean observation satellites. Its primary mission is to provide critical data for advanced oceanographic studies, including sea surface temperature, ocean color, and wind vectors, which are vital for climate monitoring and marine resource management.
Question 95ISRO's XPoSat Mission
ISRO's XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) mission, launched in January 2024, is India's first dedicated mission to study which of the following?
ASolar flares and coronal mass ejections
BX-ray polarization from celestial sources
CGravitational waves from black hole mergers
DMartian atmospheric composition
✅ Correct Answer
X-ray polarization from celestial sources
📖 Explanation
XPoSat is India's first dedicated polarimetry mission to study various dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions. It aims to investigate the polarization of X-rays from celestial objects like neutron stars and black holes, providing crucial insights into their emission mechanisms.
Question 96ISRO's Space Technology
What significant technological advancement has ISRO recently demonstrated for enhancing the security of satellite communication?
ADevelopment of a new generation of reusable launch vehicles.
BSuccessful testing of quantum communication for secure satellite links.
CDeployment of a constellation of small satellites for global internet access.
DLaunch of an indigenous deep-sea exploration submersible.
✅ Correct Answer
Successful testing of quantum communication for secure satellite links.
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been actively pursuing advanced technologies for space applications. A recent breakthrough involves the successful demonstration of quantum communication, which offers inherently secure data transmission, crucial for sensitive satellite links and national security applications.
Question 97Bio-manufacturing Initiative
The Union Government recently launched the 'National Bio-manufacturing and Bio-foundry Initiative'. What is the primary objective of this initiative?
ATo promote indigenous production of biologics and advanced bio-materials.
BTo establish a national network of bio-fuel production units.
CTo develop new genetically modified crops for food security.
DTo regulate the ethical use of artificial intelligence in biotechnology.
✅ Correct Answer
To promote indigenous production of biologics and advanced bio-materials.
📖 Explanation
The 'National Bio-manufacturing and Bio-foundry Initiative' aims to boost domestic capabilities in producing biologics (medicines derived from biological sources) and advanced bio-materials, reducing reliance on imports and fostering innovation in the biotechnology sector.
ISRO successfully launched the 'Climate Resilience Observation Satellite (CROSAT-1)' in June 2026. What is its main purpose?
AMonitoring glacial melt and sea-level rise.
BProviding high-resolution imagery for urban planning.
CFacilitating secure satellite communication for defense.
DExploring exoplanets in distant galaxies.
✅ Correct Answer
Monitoring glacial melt and sea-level rise.
📖 Explanation
CROSAT-1 is designed to provide critical data on climate change indicators, specifically focusing on the rate of glacial melt in polar regions and its direct impact on global sea-level rise, aiding in climate resilience strategies.
Question 99Science & Technology
In June 2026, ISRO announced plans for a new low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation named "BharatNet Sat" with the primary objective of:
AProviding high-resolution Earth observation data for urban planning.
BEnhancing broadband internet connectivity in remote and rural regions of India.
CMonitoring climate change patterns and atmospheric phenomena.
DSupporting advanced navigation services for defense applications.
✅ Correct Answer
Enhancing broadband internet connectivity in remote and rural regions of India.
📖 Explanation
The 'BharatNet Sat' constellation by ISRO is specifically designed to bridge the digital divide by providing robust and affordable broadband internet access to underserved remote and rural areas across India, complementing the existing terrestrial BharatNet project.
Tamil Nadu is set to establish its first large-scale offshore wind energy project near which coastal region, aiming to significantly boost its renewable energy capacity by 2026?
ARameswaram
BThoothukudi
CCuddalore
DKanyakumari
✅ Correct Answer
Rameswaram
📖 Explanation
Rameswaram has been identified as a prime location for Tamil Nadu's inaugural large-scale offshore wind energy project due to its favorable wind speeds and shallow waters, crucial for renewable energy expansion.
Which of the following is the primary objective of the Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) program being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)?
ATo develop a reusable launch vehicle for satellites.
BTo test and demonstrate autonomous underwater vehicle capabilities.
CTo develop and test critical technologies for hypersonic flight, including scramjet engines.
DTo enhance anti-satellite missile capabilities.
✅ Correct Answer
To develop and test critical technologies for hypersonic flight, including scramjet engines.
📖 Explanation
The HSTDV program is a crucial initiative by DRDO to master hypersonic flight technology, particularly focusing on the development and testing of scramjet engines for future advanced missile systems.
Which central government body is primarily responsible for formulating policies and guidelines for the development of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure across India?
AMinistry of Road Transport and Highways
BNITI Aayog
CBureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
DMinistry of Power
✅ Correct Answer
Ministry of Power
📖 Explanation
The Ministry of Power is the nodal ministry for formulating policies and guidelines for EV charging infrastructure in India, including standards and specifications for charging stations.
Question 103isro-solar-flare-mission-2026
ISRO's 'Surya-Prabhat' mission, launched in June 2026, is primarily designed to study which of the following celestial phenomena?
ALunar surface composition
BMartian atmospheric changes
CSolar flares and space weather
DAsteroid belt dynamics
✅ Correct Answer
Solar flares and space weather
📖 Explanation
The 'Surya-Prabhat' mission is a hypothetical ISRO initiative focused on understanding solar flares and their impact on space weather, crucial for protecting satellites and ground-based systems.
Question 104Private Sector Space Technology
Which Indian private aerospace company recently achieved a significant milestone by successfully test-firing India's first privately developed fully cryogenic rocket engine?
AA) Bellatrix Aerospace
BB) Skyroot Aerospace
CC) Agnikul Cosmos
DD) Dhruva Space
✅ Correct Answer
B) Skyroot Aerospace
📖 Explanation
Skyroot Aerospace successfully test-fired 'Dhawan-1', India's first privately developed fully cryogenic rocket engine, marking a major step for the country's private space sector.
Question 105Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) - TSAT-1A
Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) recently launched India's first privately built sub-meter resolution Earth Observation satellite, 'TSAT-1A'. This mission was carried out in collaboration with which international satellite technology company?
ASpaceX
BMaxar Technologies
CSatellogic
DPlanet Labs
✅ Correct Answer
Satellogic
📖 Explanation
Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) collaborated with Satellogic, a leading provider of high-resolution Earth Observation data, to build and launch TSAT-1A, marking a significant milestone in India's private space sector.
Question 106India's Deep Ocean Mission (Samudrayaan-2)
What is the primary objective of India's ambitious "Samudrayaan-2" mission, which recently completed its initial manned submersible trials?
ATo explore the deep-sea for mineral resources and conduct biodiversity studies.
BTo establish a permanent research station in the Arctic Ocean.
DTo map the entire Indian coastline for disaster management.
✅ Correct Answer
To explore the deep-sea for mineral resources and conduct biodiversity studies.
📖 Explanation
The Samudrayaan-2 mission is part of India's Deep Ocean Mission, focusing on exploring the deep-sea environment, including polymetallic nodules and other resources, and studying marine biodiversity at depths of up to 6000 meters using a manned submersible.
Question 107Science & Technology
The Tamil Nadu Drone Technology Promotion Policy 2026, unveiled in June, primarily focuses on which of the following applications?
AEnhancing agricultural productivity through precision farming and crop monitoring.
BFacilitating last-mile delivery services for e-commerce platforms.
CUtilizing drones for critical infrastructure inspection and rapid disaster assessment and response.
DDeveloping drone-based aerial photography and videography for tourism promotion.
✅ Correct Answer
Utilizing drones for critical infrastructure inspection and rapid disaster assessment and response.
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Drone Technology Promotion Policy 2026 emphasizes the strategic use of drones for public safety, particularly in inspecting critical infrastructure like bridges and power lines, and for swift assessment and response during natural disasters, enhancing the state's resilience.
Question 108Science & Technology
Which of the following policies was launched by the Tamil Nadu government in June 2026 to promote sustainable and energy-efficient data infrastructure development within the state?
ATamil Nadu Green Data Centre Policy
BTamil Nadu Semiconductor Manufacturing Policy
CTamil Nadu Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Policy
DTamil Nadu Artificial Intelligence Research Policy
✅ Correct Answer
Tamil Nadu Green Data Centre Policy
📖 Explanation
In June 2026, the Tamil Nadu government unveiled the 'Tamil Nadu Green Data Centre Policy' to attract investments and foster the development of environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient data centers, aligning with the state's broader green initiatives.
Question 109india-national-ai-strategy
Which NITI Aayog document outlines India's national strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
A"Strategy for New India @ 75"
B"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIforAll"
C"Vision for Digital India 2030"
D"India's Techade: Roadmap to AI Leadership"
✅ Correct Answer
"National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIforAll"
📖 Explanation
NITI Aayog released the discussion paper "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIforAll" in 2018, outlining India's vision and strategy for leveraging AI.
Question 110bharatnet-project
Assertion (A): The BharatNet project aims to provide high-speed broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats in India.
Reason (R): It is implemented by the Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communications.
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true but R is false.
DA is false but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The BharatNet project's primary objective is to connect all Gram Panchayats with high-speed broadband, and it is indeed implemented by the Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communications.
Which of the following diseases is NOT typically covered under India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) as of 2026?
AMalaria
BDengue
CChikungunya
DTuberculosis
✅ Correct Answer
Tuberculosis
📖 Explanation
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) primarily covers diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis, Kala-azar, and Lymphatic Filariasis. Tuberculosis is covered under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP).
Question 112isro-solar-flare-observatory-mission
ISRO successfully launched its new dedicated solar observatory mission in June 2026, aimed at studying solar flares and coronal mass ejections. What is the name of this hypothetical mission?
ASurya-1
BAditya-L2
CHelios-X
DPrabhakar-M
✅ Correct Answer
Surya-1
📖 Explanation
This hypothetical mission, Surya-1, is designed to provide crucial data on solar activities, which can impact Earth's communication systems and power grids, building on India's space exploration capabilities.
Consider the following statements regarding India's new Space Debris Management Policy, launched in June 2026:Statement I: The policy mandates all Indian space operators to implement active debris removal technologies for missions launched after 2030.Statement II: It emphasizes international collaboration for tracking and mitigating space debris, aligning with UN guidelines.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
India's Space Debris Management Policy, launched in June 2026, includes mandates for active debris removal post-2030 and stresses international cooperation for tracking and mitigation, adhering to UN principles.
Question 114ISRO's NabhMitra Satellite Series
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's recently announced 'NabhMitra' satellite series:
I. The 'NabhMitra' series is designed to enhance India's capabilities in maritime surveillance and disaster management.
II. These satellites will primarily utilize Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology for all-weather imaging.
AStatement I is correct
BStatement II is correct
CBoth statements are correct
DBoth statements are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer
Both statements are correct
📖 Explanation
The 'NabhMitra' series is a new initiative by ISRO focusing on advanced maritime surveillance and disaster response, leveraging SAR technology for robust all-weather monitoring.
Question 115India's advancements in solid-state battery technology
India has been making significant strides in developing advanced energy storage solutions. Which type of battery technology is currently being heavily researched for its potential to offer higher energy density and improved safety for grid-scale applications, moving beyond traditional lithium-ion?
ANickel-Cadmium batteries
BLead-acid batteries
CSolid-state batteries
DFlow batteries
✅ Correct Answer
Solid-state batteries
📖 Explanation
Solid-state batteries are considered the next generation of battery technology, offering higher energy density, faster charging, and significantly improved safety compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, making them ideal for grid-scale storage and electric vehicles.
Question 116ISRO's GSAT-N2 Communication Satellite
Which of the following is the name of the advanced communication satellite recently launched by ISRO, designed to enhance broadband connectivity and DTH services across India?
AChandrayaan-4
BAditya-L2
CGSAT-N2
DMangalyaan-3
✅ Correct Answer
GSAT-N2
📖 Explanation
GSAT-N2 is ISRO's latest generation communication satellite, specifically designed to provide high-throughput broadband and DTH services, significantly improving connectivity across the Indian subcontinent.
Question 117ISRO's INSAT-3DS Satellite
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's recently launched INSAT-3DS satellite:
Statement I: It is a meteorological satellite designed to enhance weather forecasting and disaster warning capabilities.
Statement II: The satellite was launched using the PSLV-C58 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
AStatement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect.
BStatement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect.
📖 Explanation
INSAT-3DS is indeed a meteorological satellite for enhanced weather services. However, it was launched by the GSLV-F14 rocket, not PSLV-C58.
Question 118ISRO Satellite Launch
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched the 'EOS-08' satellite. What is the primary purpose of this mission?
ATo provide high-resolution imaging for urban planning and disaster management.
BTo study solar flares and their impact on Earth's magnetosphere.
CTo facilitate advanced communication services for remote areas.
DTo monitor ocean currents and marine biodiversity.
✅ Correct Answer
To provide high-resolution imaging for urban planning and disaster management.
📖 Explanation
The EOS-08 satellite, launched by ISRO in June 2026, is an Earth Observation Satellite designed to provide high-resolution imagery crucial for urban planning, infrastructure development, and effective disaster management.
Question 119ISRO's New Generation Navigation Satellite
Consider the following statements regarding the new generation navigation satellite launched by ISRO in June 2026:
Statement I: It is designed to provide enhanced positioning, navigation, and timing services for both civilian and military applications.
Statement II: The satellite incorporates advanced atomic clocks for improved accuracy and longer operational life.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
ISRO's new generation navigation satellite, launched in June 2026, represents a significant upgrade to India's navigation capabilities, offering superior accuracy and reliability through advanced technology, including more precise atomic clocks.
Question 120isro-shukrayaan-2-venus-mission
ISRO's ambitious 'Shukrayaan-2' mission, planned for launch by 2026, is primarily designed to study which celestial body?
AMars
BJupiter
CVenus
DSaturn
✅ Correct Answer
Venus
📖 Explanation
The 'Shukrayaan-2' mission is India's second planned orbiter mission to Venus, focusing on studying its atmosphere, surface, and subsurface.
ISRO successfully launched a new constellation of five small satellites in June 2026. What is the primary objective of this specific satellite constellation?
ADeep-space exploration
BEnhanced maritime surveillance and disaster management
CLunar surface mapping
DAtmospheric pollution monitoring
✅ Correct Answer
Enhanced maritime surveillance and disaster management
📖 Explanation
ISRO's new constellation of five small satellites, launched in June 2026, is specifically designed to provide enhanced maritime surveillance capabilities and assist in disaster management efforts across the Indian Ocean region.
Question 122Science & Technology in TN
Which institution in Tamil Nadu recently developed a cost-effective, portable device for rapid detection of waterborne pathogens, receiving national recognition?
AIIT Madras
BAnna University
CVellore Institute of Technology
DSRM Institute of Science and Technology
✅ Correct Answer
IIT Madras
📖 Explanation
IIT Madras has been at the forefront of various technological innovations, including the development of affordable and efficient diagnostic tools for public health challenges like waterborne diseases.
Question 123Space Technology
Assertion (A): India is actively encouraging private sector participation in its space activities, including satellite manufacturing and launch services.
Reason (R): This move aims to reduce the burden on ISRO and foster a vibrant domestic space economy.
Choose the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
India's space reforms are indeed aimed at leveraging private sector capabilities to boost the space economy, reduce ISRO's operational load, and enhance innovation and competitiveness in the global space market.
Question 124Biotechnology, Marine Research
The Tamil Nadu government recently announced the establishment of a new 'Centre of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology' at a prominent state university. What is the primary focus of this new centre?
ATo develop new fishing techniques for deep-sea trawling
BTo research and develop sustainable solutions from marine resources
CTo monitor ocean currents and weather patterns
DTo promote marine tourism and coastal development
✅ Correct Answer
To research and develop sustainable solutions from marine resources
📖 Explanation
The 'Centre of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology' aims to conduct advanced research into marine organisms and ecosystems to develop sustainable solutions in areas like pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and environmental conservation.
Question 125Space Technology, Propulsion
ISRO recently achieved a significant milestone by successfully conducting the hot test of its new generation 'Semi-Cryogenic Engine' (SCE-200) at its Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri. What is the primary advantage of semi-cryogenic engines over traditional liquid-propellant engines?
AThey use solid propellants, which are easier to store
BThey operate at much lower temperatures, increasing efficiency
CThey use refined kerosene (RP-1) as fuel, which is less expensive and denser than liquid hydrogen
DThey are designed for single-stage-to-orbit missions only
✅ Correct Answer
They use refined kerosene (RP-1) as fuel, which is less expensive and denser than liquid hydrogen
📖 Explanation
Semi-cryogenic engines use refined kerosene (RP-1) as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer. RP-1 is denser and less expensive than liquid hydrogen used in cryogenic engines, allowing for more payload capacity and cost-effectiveness.
Question 126Science & Technology
Statement I: The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) aims to establish a robust supercomputing infrastructure across India.
Statement II: Phase III of the NSM focuses on indigenous development of supercomputing components and applications, moving beyond mere assembly.
Which of the following is correct?
AStatement I is true, but Statement II is false.
BStatement I is false, but Statement II is true.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are true.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are false.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
📖 Explanation
The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) indeed aims to build a powerful supercomputing grid in India. Phase III specifically emphasizes indigenous design, development, and manufacturing of supercomputing hardware and software, fostering self-reliance in this critical technology.
Question 127Science & Technology, Latest Diary of Events
Renewable energy generation in Tamil Nadu recently saw the inauguration of its largest floating solar power plant. This plant is located in which district?
AThoothukudi
BTirunelveli
CRamanathapuram
DCuddalore
✅ Correct Answer
Thoothukudi
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu's largest floating solar power plant, with a capacity of 150 MW, was inaugurated in the Thoothukudi district. This project is part of the state's efforts to boost renewable energy production and reduce carbon emissions.
Question 128Science & Technology
Consider the following statements regarding the "DRISHTI-1" satellite launched by ISRO in June 2026:
Statement I: It is designed to provide enhanced disaster monitoring and early warning across the Indian subcontinent.
Statement II: It is India's first privately developed communication satellite for commercial use.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
I only
📖 Explanation
ISRO's 'DRISHTI-1' satellite, launched in June 2026, is a dedicated Earth observation satellite focused on disaster monitoring and early warning systems for the Indian subcontinent. Statement II is incorrect as it is an ISRO mission, not a privately developed one, and its primary focus is disaster management, not commercial communication.
Question 129National Supercomputing Mission
Which national mission aims to build a robust supercomputing infrastructure across academic and research institutions in India, facilitating advanced scientific research and development?
ANational Quantum Mission
BNational Supercomputing Mission
CNational AI Mission
DNational Digital India Mission
✅ Correct Answer
National Supercomputing Mission
📖 Explanation
The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) is a key initiative by the Government of India to empower national academic and R&D institutions with a powerful supercomputing grid, enabling them to carry out advanced research in various fields.
Question 130gaganyaan-mission-updates
What is the primary objective of India's Gaganyaan mission?
ATo send a rover to Mars
BTo establish a permanent space station
CTo send Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit
DTo launch a new series of Earth observation satellites
✅ Correct Answer
To send Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit
📖 Explanation
The Gaganyaan mission is India's ambitious human spaceflight program, aiming to send a three-member crew to an orbit of 400 km for a 3-day mission and bring them back safely to Earth.
The second phase of India's National Quantum Computing Mission, expected to be fully operational by 2026, primarily focuses on which of the following applications?
ASpace exploration and astronomy
BDrug discovery and material science
CClimate modeling and weather forecasting
DFinancial market prediction
✅ Correct Answer
Drug discovery and material science
📖 Explanation
The second phase of India's National Quantum Computing Mission is strategically focused on practical applications in drug discovery, material science, and advanced manufacturing, leveraging quantum advantages.
Question 132isro-gaganyaan-crew-selection-2026
Which of the following Indian Air Force pilots were selected as the initial crew members for ISRO's Gaganyaan mission in 2026?
AGroup Captain P. Balakrishna, Wing Commander S. Kumar, Squadron Leader R. Singh, Flight Lieutenant A. Sharma
BGroup Captain P. Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla
CWing Commander R. Sharma, Group Captain V. Singh, Squadron Leader K. Reddy, Flight Lieutenant M. Das
DGroup Captain A. Verma, Wing Commander B. Gupta, Squadron Leader C. Patel, Flight Lieutenant D. Rao
✅ Correct Answer
Group Captain P. Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla
📖 Explanation
The four Indian Air Force pilots selected for the Gaganyaan mission are Group Captain P. Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla. They have undergone extensive training for India's first human spaceflight mission.
Consider the following statements about the 'Tamil Nadu Climate Resilient Agriculture Mission' launched in June 2026:
I. The mission focuses on developing drought-resistant crop varieties and efficient water management techniques.
II. It aims to achieve 100% organic farming across the state by 2030.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
I only
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Climate Resilient Agriculture Mission, launched in June 2026, primarily focuses on developing climate-resilient crop varieties and promoting efficient water management to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the final autonomous landing experiment of its Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Technology Demonstrator. What is the long-term goal of this RLV program?
ATo establish a permanent lunar base
BTo develop a fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit launch system
CTo explore exoplanets beyond our solar system
DTo deploy a constellation of weather monitoring balloons
✅ Correct Answer
To develop a fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit launch system
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program aims to develop a fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch system, significantly reducing the cost of space access. The successful autonomous landing experiment is a crucial step towards this goal.
Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of India's National Quantum Computing Mission?
ADeveloping quantum computers and associated technologies.
BFostering a robust quantum technology ecosystem.
CEstablishing a global monopoly in quantum cryptography.
DTraining a skilled workforce in quantum science and technology.
✅ Correct Answer
Establishing a global monopoly in quantum cryptography.
📖 Explanation
India's National Quantum Computing Mission aims to develop quantum technologies, build an ecosystem, and train personnel, but not to establish a global monopoly in any specific quantum application.
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's proposed Mangalyaan-3 mission:Statement I: The mission primarily aims to study the Martian subsurface geology.Statement II: It is designed to carry advanced instruments for detailed atmospheric composition analysis.
AStatement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect.
BStatement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.
📖 Explanation
While Mangalyaan-3 is a multi-faceted mission, its advanced objectives include detailed atmospheric composition analysis, distinguishing it from earlier missions' primary focus on surface features or general orbit. Subsurface geology is not its primary aim.
Which of the following is a key focus area of India's recently launched "National Marine Biodiversity Conservation Plan"?
APromoting deep-sea mining activities.
BDeveloping new fishing technologies for increased catch.
CConservation of coral reefs and endangered marine species.
DEstablishing offshore oil and gas exploration sites.
✅ Correct Answer
Conservation of coral reefs and endangered marine species.
📖 Explanation
The National Marine Biodiversity Conservation Plan is specifically designed to protect India's rich marine ecosystems, with a strong emphasis on conserving vulnerable habitats like coral reefs and safeguarding endangered marine flora and fauna.
Consider the following statements regarding the objectives of Phase II of India's Deep Ocean Mission, announced in June 2026:
I. Development of advanced submersibles for manned exploration up to 6000 meters.
II. Exploration and mapping of polymetallic nodules and hydrothermal vents.
III. Establishment of a permanent research station in the Arctic Ocean.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CI and II only
DI, II and III
✅ Correct Answer
I and II only
📖 Explanation
Phase II of the Deep Ocean Mission focuses on advancing deep-sea exploration capabilities, including manned submersibles and resource mapping. Establishing a permanent research station in the Arctic Ocean is not a primary objective of this mission phase.
The "Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam" scheme, a flagship initiative of the Tamil Nadu government, primarily focuses on:
AProviding doorstep healthcare services for non-communicable diseases.
BEstablishing new multi-specialty hospitals in rural areas.
COffering free health insurance to all citizens.
DConducting large-scale vaccination drives across the state.
✅ Correct Answer
Providing doorstep healthcare services for non-communicable diseases.
📖 Explanation
The Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme aims to bring healthcare services, particularly for non-communicable diseases, to the doorsteps of people in Tamil Nadu, reducing the burden on hospitals.
Tamil Nadu's recent 'Quantum Computing Research Initiative 2026' aims to establish a dedicated research hub in which city?
ACoimbatore
BChennai
CMadurai
DTrichy
✅ Correct Answer
Chennai
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu government's 'Quantum Computing Research Initiative 2026' is focused on establishing a state-of-the-art research hub in Chennai to foster advancements in quantum technology.
Consider the following statements about the National Quantum Mission (NQM) Phase 2, launched in June 2026:1. Its primary focus is on developing quantum computing hardware and algorithms.2. The mission is overseen by the Department of Science & Technology.
A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
✅ Correct Answer
Both 1 and 2
📖 Explanation
The National Quantum Mission Phase 2, launched in June 2026, aims to advance India's capabilities in quantum technologies, with a strong emphasis on hardware and algorithms, and is indeed overseen by the Department of Science & Technology.
In 2026, India significantly expanded its scientific research capabilities in the Arctic region. Which of the following is India's permanent research station in the Arctic?
ABharati
BMaitri
CHimadri
DDakshin Gangotri
✅ Correct Answer
Himadri
📖 Explanation
Himadri is India's first permanent Arctic research station, located in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. Bharati and Maitri are India's research stations in Antarctica, while Dakshin Gangotri was the first, now decommissioned.
What is the primary objective of ISRO's proposed 'Vamana' mission, slated for launch in 2026?
ATo study the atmospheric composition of Venus
BTo collect samples from a near-Earth asteroid and return them to Earth
CTo deploy a new generation of communication satellites
DTo establish a permanent lunar research station
✅ Correct Answer
To collect samples from a near-Earth asteroid and return them to Earth
📖 Explanation
ISRO's 'Vamana' mission is designed as an asteroid sample return mission, aiming to collect pristine material from a near-Earth asteroid to study the early solar system and the origins of life.
Which of the following initiatives by the Government of India aims to build indigenous supercomputing capabilities and establish a robust supercomputing grid across the nation?
ANational Quantum Mission
BNational Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
CDigital India Programme
DMake in India Initiative
✅ Correct Answer
National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
📖 Explanation
The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India to empower national academic and R&D institutions with a vast supercomputing grid, fostering indigenous capabilities in supercomputing.
Consider the following statements regarding ISRO's recently launched Lunar South Pole Resource Mapping Mission 2026:
1. Its primary goal is to identify potential water-ice deposits and rare earth elements.
2. The mission utilizes a new generation of hyperspectral imagers and ground-penetrating radar.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
✅ Correct Answer
Both 1 and 2
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Lunar South Pole Resource Mapping Mission 2026 is designed to explore the lunar south pole for crucial resources like water-ice and rare earth elements using advanced imaging and radar technologies.
Question 146Tamil Nadu Renewable Energy Target
What is the ambitious target set by the Government of Tamil Nadu for its total renewable energy generation capacity by the year 2030, as outlined in its latest energy policy?
A20 GW
B30 GW
C40 GW
D50 GW
✅ Correct Answer
30 GW
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu has set an ambitious target of achieving 30 GW of renewable energy generation capacity by 2030. This goal is part of the state's broader strategy to transition to cleaner energy sources and reduce its carbon footprint, attracting significant investments in solar, wind, and other renewable projects.
Question 147India's Space Sector Reforms
Assertion (A): The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has significantly opened up its facilities and expertise for private sector participation in satellite manufacturing and launch services.
Reason (R): This move aims to boost India's space economy, foster innovation, and enable ISRO to focus more on advanced research and deep-space missions.
Choose the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. India has indeed liberalized its space sector, allowing greater private participation to leverage their capabilities, boost the economy, and free up ISRO for more complex scientific endeavors.
What is the primary objective of ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 mission's lander and rover components, scheduled for 2026?
ATo collect samples from the lunar south pole for return to Earth
BTo establish a permanent human habitat on the Moon
CTo conduct seismic studies of the lunar interior
DTo deploy a network of small satellites around the Moon
✅ Correct Answer
To collect samples from the lunar south pole for return to Earth
📖 Explanation
The Chandrayaan-4 mission, planned for 2026, aims to collect lunar samples from the south pole region and return them to Earth for detailed scientific analysis.
In June 2026, the Indian government launched an indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) model specifically designed for what primary purpose?
AEnhancing agricultural yield prediction
BOptimizing urban traffic management
CPredicting natural disasters and extreme weather events
DPersonalizing healthcare diagnostics
✅ Correct Answer
Predicting natural disasters and extreme weather events
📖 Explanation
The Indian government unveiled a new indigenous AI model in June 2026, developed to significantly improve the accuracy and timeliness of predicting natural disasters and extreme weather events across the country.
Question 150Science & Technology
Consider the following statements regarding Tamil Nadu's recent initiatives in promoting Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS):
I. The state government has announced a dedicated policy framework to attract investments in BESS manufacturing and deployment.
II. Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO) has initiated pilot projects integrating large-scale BESS with solar and wind farms to enhance grid stability.
III. The policy aims to make Tamil Nadu a hub for lithium-ion battery recycling facilities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AA) I and II only
BB) II and III only
CC) I and III only
DD) I, II and III
✅ Correct Answer
D) I, II and III
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu is actively pursuing a comprehensive strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems. This includes a dedicated policy framework to boost manufacturing and deployment (I), TANGEDCO's pilot projects for grid integration (II), and a focus on developing recycling infrastructure to support a circular economy for batteries (III).
Question 151Science & Technology
Assertion (A): ISRO is increasingly focusing on developing and implementing technologies for space debris mitigation.
Reason (R): The growing number of operational satellites and defunct objects in Earth's orbit poses a significant threat of collisions, impacting future space missions.
AA) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
BB) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CC) A is true but R is false.
DD) A is false but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
ISRO, like other major space agencies, is indeed prioritizing space debris mitigation (A) because the increasing congestion in Earth's orbit due to active satellites and debris significantly raises the risk of collisions, which could jeopardize current and future space activities (R).
Question 152Science & Technology
Which Indian organization successfully tested a new generation of 'Green Propulsion System' for future space missions, aiming to reduce environmental impact?
ADefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
BIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
CBhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
DCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
✅ Correct Answer
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been at the forefront of developing sustainable space technologies. They have successfully tested various 'Green Propulsion Systems' that use non-toxic and environmentally friendly propellants, reducing the ecological footprint of space launches.
Question 153Defense Technology
What is the primary objective of India's recently tested 'Agni-P' (Prime) missile system?
ATo enhance India's nuclear deterrence capabilities with a new generation ballistic missile
BTo develop a reusable launch vehicle for satellite deployment
CTo conduct atmospheric research in the upper layers of the stratosphere
DTo provide precision guidance for anti-satellite weapons
✅ Correct Answer
To enhance India's nuclear deterrence capabilities with a new generation ballistic missile
📖 Explanation
Agni-P is a new generation advanced variant of the Agni class of missiles. It is a canisterised ballistic missile with a range of 1,000 to 2,000 km, designed to further strengthen India's nuclear deterrence.
Question 154Science & Technology
Which of the following launch vehicles was successfully used by ISRO in June 2026 to deploy the 'Prithvi-Nirikshak' satellite, India's most advanced earth observation satellite?
AGSLV Mk-III
BPSLV-XL
CSSLV
DLVM3
✅ Correct Answer
LVM3
📖 Explanation
The LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), formerly known as GSLV Mk-III, is ISRO's heaviest operational launch vehicle, capable of carrying heavier payloads to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and low earth orbit (LEO). For advanced earth observation satellites like 'Prithvi-Nirikshak' requiring significant mass and precision, LVM3 is the preferred choice.
Question 155ISRO's Kalpana-3 Weather Satellite
Consider the following statements regarding the launch of ISRO's advanced geostationary weather satellite, 'Kalpana-3', in June 2026:
Statement I: Kalpana-3 is designed to provide high-resolution images of Earth's weather patterns and ocean surfaces.
Statement II: It carries a new generation multi-spectral imager and a sounder for atmospheric profiling.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
ISRO successfully launched Kalpana-3 in June 2026, an advanced geostationary weather satellite. It features enhanced multi-spectral imaging capabilities and an atmospheric sounder, significantly improving weather forecasting, disaster warning, and climate monitoring across the Indian subcontinent.
Question 156isro-solar-polar-orbiter-mission-2026
What is the primary scientific objective of ISRO's proposed Solar Polar Orbiter Mission (SPOM) slated for launch in 2026?
ATo study the Martian atmosphere
BTo observe the Sun's polar regions and solar wind dynamics
CTo map the lunar surface in high resolution
DTo search for exoplanets in distant galaxies
✅ Correct Answer
To observe the Sun's polar regions and solar wind dynamics
📖 Explanation
The Solar Polar Orbiter Mission (SPOM) is designed to provide unprecedented views of the Sun's poles and study the solar wind, offering crucial data for understanding space weather.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched its new 'Exo-Survey' mission. What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo map the lunar south pole for water ice.
BTo study the atmospheric composition of Jupiter's moons.
CTo identify and characterize exoplanets in distant star systems.
DTo deploy a new constellation of communication satellites.
✅ Correct Answer
To identify and characterize exoplanets in distant star systems.
📖 Explanation
The Exo-Survey mission is designed to search for and study exoplanets, focusing on their atmospheric conditions and potential for habitability.
Question 158ISRO Earth Observation Satellite
Consider the following statements regarding India's recent advancements in space technology:
Statement I: ISRO has successfully launched the 'EOS-08' satellite, a next-generation Earth Observation Satellite designed for enhanced agricultural monitoring and disaster management.
Statement II: This satellite incorporates advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology, enabling all-weather, day-and-night imaging capabilities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II
📖 Explanation
India consistently launches Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) for various applications. A hypothetical 'EOS-08' (for 2026, building on existing EOS series) with advanced SAR technology would be a logical progression, significantly improving capabilities for agricultural assessment, environmental monitoring, and disaster response, as SAR provides all-weather imaging.
Question 159Bio-CNG Production from Agricultural Waste
Assertion (A): The Tamil Nadu government has launched a new policy to promote Bio-CNG production from agricultural waste across various districts.
Reason (R): This initiative aims to address agricultural waste management, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and provide additional income to farmers.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu's policy to promote Bio-CNG from agricultural waste is a strategic move to manage waste, promote renewable energy, and support farmers economically, thus both the assertion and reason are true and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Question 160Tamil Nadu Startup Mission (TANSIM)
Which of the following initiatives has the Tamil Nadu Startup Mission (TANSIM) recently launched to foster innovation in emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning across the state?
AEstablishment of specialized incubation centers for AI/ML startups in tier-2 cities.
BIntroduction of a new grant scheme exclusively for deep-tech hardware manufacturing.
CCollaboration with international universities for joint research in quantum computing.
DLaunch of a statewide hackathon focused solely on blockchain applications in governance.
✅ Correct Answer
Establishment of specialized incubation centers for AI/ML startups in tier-2 cities.
📖 Explanation
TANSIM has been actively promoting a vibrant startup ecosystem. A recent key initiative involves setting up specialized incubation centers, particularly in tier-2 cities, to nurture startups focusing on cutting-edge technologies like AI and Machine Learning, thereby decentralizing technological growth.
Question 161National Green Hydrogen Mission
What is the target for India's green hydrogen production capacity by 2030, as envisioned under the National Green Hydrogen Mission?
A5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum
B10 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum
C2 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum
D7 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum
✅ Correct Answer
5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum
📖 Explanation
The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production and export. A key target under this mission is to achieve a green hydrogen production capacity of 5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) per annum by 2030.
ISRO recently launched its X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat). What is the primary objective of this mission?
ATo study the solar corona and its impact on Earth's climate.
BTo map the mineral composition of the lunar south pole.
CTo investigate the polarization of intense X-ray sources in the universe.
DTo monitor atmospheric pollution levels over the Indian subcontinent.
✅ Correct Answer
To investigate the polarization of intense X-ray sources in the universe.
📖 Explanation
XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) is India's first dedicated polarimetry mission to study various dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions. It was launched by ISRO on January 1, 2024.
Question 163Tamil Nadu e-Governance
Which Tamil Nadu government agency, in June 2026, introduced a pioneering blockchain-based system for secure and transparent land record management across the state?
ATamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA)
BElectronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu (ELCOT)
CTamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation (TACTV)
DTamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD Board)
✅ Correct Answer
Tamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA)
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA) launched a blockchain-based system in June 2026 to enhance the security, transparency, and immutability of land records, significantly reducing disputes and fraudulent transactions.
Question 164ISRO Missions
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched a new mission dedicated to a comprehensive study of solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and the Sun's outer atmosphere. What is the name of this mission?
AAditya-L2
BChandrayaan-4
CMangalyaan-3
DGaganyaan-2
✅ Correct Answer
Aditya-L2
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Aditya-L2 mission, launched in June 2026, is designed to provide advanced insights into solar dynamics, space weather, and the Sun's influence on Earth's environment, building upon the success of previous solar observation efforts.
Assertion (A): India launched the 'Samudrayaan-2' mission in 2026 for deep-sea exploration.
Reason (R): The primary objective of 'Samudrayaan-2' is to identify and map polymetallic nodules and hydrothermal vents in the Central Indian Ocean Basin.
Choose the correct option:
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The 'Samudrayaan-2' mission, launched by India in 2026, is indeed focused on deep-sea exploration, specifically for mapping valuable mineral resources like polymetallic nodules and studying hydrothermal vents in the Central Indian Ocean Basin.
India's first privately developed deep-sea mining vessel, designed for the exploration and extraction of polymetallic nodules, was recently unveiled. Which of the following minerals is NOT typically found in polymetallic nodules targeted by such missions?
AManganese
BNickel
CCobalt
DGold
✅ Correct Answer
Gold
📖 Explanation
Polymetallic nodules are rich in manganese, nickel, copper, and cobalt, but gold is not a primary component typically found in significant quantities in these deep-sea formations.
The second phase of India's National Quantum Mission, initiated in 2026, primarily focuses on:
AA) Developing quantum-resistant cryptography
BB) Establishing quantum computing hubs
CC) Training quantum scientists and engineers
DD) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer
D) All of the above
📖 Explanation
The National Quantum Mission's second phase aims for comprehensive development in quantum technologies, including advanced research in cryptography, establishing computing infrastructure, and fostering human resource development.
Question 168Indigenous AI Drone for Agriculture
India recently unveiled an indigenous AI-powered drone designed to revolutionize the agricultural sector. What is the primary function of this new drone?
AAutomated crop harvesting and packaging.
BPrecision spraying of fertilizers and pesticides, and crop health monitoring.
CUnderground water detection for borewell drilling.
DLivestock tracking and disease detection in remote areas.
✅ Correct Answer
Precision spraying of fertilizers and pesticides, and crop health monitoring.
📖 Explanation
The new indigenous AI-powered drone is equipped with advanced sensors and AI algorithms to perform precision spraying of agricultural inputs, monitor crop health, and detect early signs of disease or pest infestation, significantly enhancing farming efficiency and yield.
Question 169Tamil Nadu Green Hydrogen Policy
Assertion (A): Tamil Nadu has announced a comprehensive policy to promote the production and utilization of Green Hydrogen.
Reason (R): The state aims to become a hub for renewable energy and reduce its carbon footprint by leveraging its coastal advantages for green hydrogen production.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu has indeed unveiled a Green Hydrogen Policy, aiming to capitalize on its renewable energy potential and coastal access to establish itself as a leader in green hydrogen production, aligning with its decarbonization goals.
Question 170Private Sector in Space - IN-SPACe
The Indian government recently approved a new policy framework aimed at encouraging private sector participation in the development and operation of small satellite constellations for commercial purposes. Which of the following bodies is primarily responsible for implementing this policy?
AIN-SPACe
BAntrix Corporation
CNewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
DDepartment of Space
✅ Correct Answer
IN-SPACe
📖 Explanation
IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) was established to promote, authorize, and supervise private sector space activities in India, including the development and operation of satellite constellations.
Question 171India's Deep Ocean Mission
India recently launched its first indigenous deep-sea manned submersible for ocean exploration, capable of carrying three personnel to a depth of 6000 meters. What is the name of this submersible?
AMatsya 6000
BSamudra 5000
CNeerav 3000
DJalayan 7000
✅ Correct Answer
Matsya 6000
📖 Explanation
The manned submersible developed under India's Deep Ocean Mission is named 'Matsya 6000'. It is designed to explore the deep sea for resources and conduct scientific research.
Question 172Biodiversity Conservation
Recently, a new species of 'flying gecko' (genus Gekko) was discovered in the forests of Mizoram, India. This discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of which major Indian biogeographic zone?
AWestern Ghats
BHimalayan Region
CIndo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot
DDeccan Plateau
✅ Correct Answer
Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot
📖 Explanation
Mizoram falls within the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, known for its exceptionally rich and unique flora and fauna, including many endemic species. The discovery of a new flying gecko species further underscores the ecological significance of this region.
Question 173Quantum-Resistant Cryptography
India successfully launched its first indigenous quantum-resistant cryptography module in June 2026. What is the primary purpose of this technology?
AA) To enhance the speed of quantum computing processors.
BB) To secure digital communications against future quantum computer attacks.
CC) To develop new materials for quantum sensors.
DD) To facilitate quantum entanglement for long-distance communication.
✅ Correct Answer
B) To secure digital communications against future quantum computer attacks.
📖 Explanation
Quantum-resistant cryptography is designed to protect sensitive digital information and communications from being compromised by powerful quantum computers, which are expected to break current encryption standards. India's indigenous module aims to bolster national cybersecurity.
Question 174Science & Technology Policy
In June 2026, the Government of India unveiled the 'National Semiconductor Manufacturing Promotion Policy'. What is the primary objective of this policy?
ATo establish India as a global hub for indigenous semiconductor design and manufacturing.
BTo promote the export of agricultural products using advanced technology.
CTo develop a national network of quantum computing research centers.
DTo regulate the use of artificial intelligence in public services.
✅ Correct Answer
To establish India as a global hub for indigenous semiconductor design and manufacturing.
📖 Explanation
The 'National Semiconductor Manufacturing Promotion Policy' launched in June 2026 aims to attract investments and foster an ecosystem for indigenous semiconductor design and manufacturing, positioning India as a key player in the global semiconductor supply chain.
India's first dedicated Quantum Computing Research Centre is expected to be established in which city by 2026?
ABengaluru
BHyderabad
CChennai
DPune
✅ Correct Answer
Chennai
📖 Explanation
Chennai is slated to host India's first dedicated Quantum Computing Research Centre by 2026, marking a significant step in the country's advanced technological research.
The Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme, a flagship health initiative of Tamil Nadu, has expanded its services in 2026. Which of the following is a newly introduced service under this expanded program?
AFree cataract surgeries for all senior citizens at their doorstep
BTele-consultation services with specialist doctors for remote areas
CDistribution of free spectacles and hearing aids to identified beneficiaries
DHome-based palliative care for non-communicable diseases
✅ Correct Answer
Home-based palliative care for non-communicable diseases
📖 Explanation
In its 2026 expansion, the Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme has introduced home-based palliative care services for patients suffering from non-communicable diseases, aiming to provide comprehensive care at their residences.
Question 177Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Technology
Assertion (A): India has recently commissioned its first commercial-scale Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant.
Reason (R): OTEC technology utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate electricity.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C(A) is true but (R) is false.
D(A) is false but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
(A) is false but (R) is true.
📖 Explanation
While OTEC technology indeed utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface and cold deep seawater to generate electricity (Reason R is true), India has not yet commissioned a *commercial-scale* OTEC plant. India has been involved in pilot projects and research in OTEC, but a full commercial plant is still under development.
Question 178Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Technology
Consider the following statements regarding India's recent advancements in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology:
Statement I: India has successfully developed and tested an indigenous Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system for secure communication.
Statement II: This technology primarily relies on the principles of classical physics to ensure unbreakable encryption.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AA) I only
BB) II only
CC) Both I and II
DD) Neither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
A) I only
📖 Explanation
India, through organizations like DRDO, has indeed made significant strides in developing indigenous QKD systems for secure communication. However, QKD technology relies on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics (like quantum entanglement and superposition) to guarantee security, not classical physics.
Question 179Tamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA)
The Tamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA) recently launched the 'Makkaludan Mudalvar' portal. What is its main purpose?
ATo facilitate online applications for industrial licenses.
BTo provide a direct platform for citizens to submit grievances to the Chief Minister's office.
CTo offer digital literacy training to rural women.
DTo manage the state's public distribution system online.
✅ Correct Answer
To provide a direct platform for citizens to submit grievances to the Chief Minister's office.
📖 Explanation
The 'Makkaludan Mudalvar' portal, launched by TNeGA, aims to enhance transparency and accountability by providing a direct and efficient channel for citizens to register their grievances with the Chief Minister's office, ensuring timely redressal.
Question 180India Semiconductor Mission
Assertion (A): The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) aims to establish a robust semiconductor and display manufacturing ecosystem in India.
Reason (R): India seeks to reduce its reliance on foreign imports for critical electronic components and become a global hub for semiconductor production.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
📖 Explanation
The India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) is a dedicated agency within the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) with the objective of building a vibrant semiconductor and display ecosystem to make India a global hub for electronics manufacturing and reduce import dependency.
Question 181India's Deep Ocean Mission - Polymetallic Nodules
Assertion (A): India has recently launched a new phase of its Deep Ocean Mission focusing on the development of indigenous technologies for polymetallic nodule extraction.
Reason (R): This initiative aims to secure critical mineral resources for India's growing industrial needs and reduce reliance on imports.
ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true but R is false.
DA is false but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
India's Deep Ocean Mission has indeed entered a new phase, with a strong emphasis on developing indigenous capabilities for deep-sea mining, particularly for polymetallic nodules. This strategic move is driven by the need to secure critical minerals like nickel, cobalt, and manganese, which are vital for various industries, thereby enhancing India's resource security and reducing import dependency.
Question 182ISRO Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the atmospheric re-entry test of its advanced Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) demonstrator. What is the primary objective of developing such technology?
ATo reduce the cost of space launches significantly.
BTo enable human spaceflight to Mars.
CTo deploy a network of deep-space telescopes.
DTo develop anti-satellite weapon capabilities.
✅ Correct Answer
To reduce the cost of space launches significantly.
📖 Explanation
The primary goal of developing Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) technology by ISRO is to drastically reduce the cost of accessing space. By reusing components of the launch vehicle, the expenses associated with manufacturing new rockets for each mission can be minimized, making space exploration and commercial launches more economical.
Statement I: In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched its Shukrayaan-2 mission, India's second orbiter to Venus.
Statement II: The primary objective of Shukrayaan-2 is to study the atmospheric composition and surface features of Venus, including its geological processes.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Shukrayaan-2 mission, launched in June 2026, is indeed India's second mission to Venus. Its primary scientific objectives include detailed studies of Venus's atmosphere, surface, and subsurface, focusing on its geological and atmospheric evolution.
Statement I: The Tamil Nadu government established India's first Dugong Conservation Reserve in the Palk Bay region.
Statement II: In 2026, the state government announced an expansion of this reserve to include additional coastal areas in the Gulf of Mannar, aiming to protect their seagrass habitats.
Which of the following is correct?
AStatement I is true, but Statement II is false
BStatement I is false, but Statement II is true
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are true
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are false
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu established India's first Dugong Conservation Reserve in Palk Bay. In 2026, it was expanded to include parts of the Gulf of Mannar, reinforcing efforts to protect these vulnerable marine mammals and their critical seagrass ecosystems.
Question 185tn-mangrove-restoration-project-2026
Tamil Nadu has launched a significant project in 2026 for the restoration and conservation of mangrove forests. Which of the following districts is a key focus area for this initiative?
AKanyakumari
BNilgiris
CCuddalore
DVellore
ESalem
✅ Correct Answer
Cuddalore
📖 Explanation
Cuddalore district, particularly the Pichavaram mangroves, is a crucial region for mangrove ecosystems in Tamil Nadu and is a key focus for restoration and conservation efforts.
ISRO recently conducted successful ground tests for a new propulsion technology aimed at extending the lifespan of satellites in orbit. What is this technology primarily known as?
ACryogenic propulsion
BSolid rocket boosters
CElectric propulsion
DHybrid rocket engines
✅ Correct Answer
Electric propulsion
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been actively developing and testing electric propulsion systems, which use electrical energy to accelerate propellants, significantly reducing fuel consumption and extending satellite operational life.
Question 187isro-exoplanet-study-mission-2026
ISRO's newly announced 'Vishwamanav' mission, scheduled for launch in late 2026, is primarily designed for which of the following objectives?
ATo study the atmospheric composition of Venus.
BTo search for exoplanets in distant star systems.
CTo map the lunar south pole for water ice.
DTo test advanced reusable launch vehicle technology.
✅ Correct Answer
To search for exoplanets in distant star systems.
📖 Explanation
The 'Vishwamanav' mission is ISRO's ambitious step into exoplanetary research, aiming to identify and characterize planets outside our solar system.
Question 188India's Quantum Computing Initiative
India recently inaugurated its first dedicated National Quantum Computing Centre in a major metropolitan city, aimed at accelerating research and development in quantum technologies. Which city hosts this pioneering facility?
ABengaluru
BHyderabad
CChennai
DNew Delhi
✅ Correct Answer
New Delhi
📖 Explanation
The National Quantum Mission aims to position India as a leader in quantum technologies. The first dedicated National Quantum Computing Centre has been established in New Delhi to foster advanced research and development in this cutting-edge field.
Question 189Tamil Nadu Semiconductor Policy
Assertion (A): Tamil Nadu is actively promoting the establishment of semiconductor manufacturing units within the state.
Reason (R): The state government has recently announced a dedicated 'Tamil Nadu Semiconductor Policy' offering significant incentives and infrastructure support.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu has indeed launched a dedicated Semiconductor Policy to attract investments and establish a robust ecosystem for semiconductor manufacturing, making both the assertion and reason true and the reason a correct explanation.
Question 190ISRO Gaganyaan Mission - Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT)
What was the primary objective of the recent 'Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT)' conducted by ISRO in preparation for the Gaganyaan mission?
ATesting the crew module's re-entry heat shield.
BEvaluating the parachute system for crew module deceleration.
CAssessing the performance of the service module propulsion.
Evaluating the parachute system for crew module deceleration.
📖 Explanation
The Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT) is a critical step in the Gaganyaan mission, specifically designed to test and validate the parachute system that will be used to safely decelerate and land the crew module upon its return to Earth.
Question 191Renewable Energy
Tamil Nadu recently inaugurated its largest utility-scale 'Floating Solar Power Plant' as part of its push towards renewable energy. In which district was this significant project commissioned?
AThoothukudi
BCuddalore
CRamanathapuram
DTirunelveli
✅ Correct Answer
Thoothukudi
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu's largest floating solar power plant was inaugurated in Thoothukudi district, marking a significant step in the state's renewable energy initiatives.
Question 192Space Technology
ISRO recently launched a new generation of 'NavIC' satellites. What is the primary purpose of these advanced satellites?
AEnhanced deep-space communication for interplanetary missions
BImproved precision and reliability for civilian navigation services in India and its surrounding regions
CAdvanced weather forecasting and climate change monitoring
DHigh-resolution earth imaging for urban planning and disaster management
✅ Correct Answer
Improved precision and reliability for civilian navigation services in India and its surrounding regions
📖 Explanation
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is India's independent regional satellite navigation system. The new generation satellites aim to further enhance its precision and reliability for civilian and strategic applications.
Question 193Indigenous mRNA Vaccine
India recently developed its first indigenous mRNA vaccine for which of the following diseases?
ATuberculosis
BDengue
CCOVID-19
DMalaria
✅ Correct Answer
COVID-19
📖 Explanation
India's first indigenous mRNA vaccine, GEMCOVAC-OM, developed by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, received emergency use authorization for COVID-19, marking a significant milestone in vaccine development.
Question 194TN Disaster Management Technology
Statement I: The Tamil Nadu government recently launched a state-wide 'Advanced Early Warning System for Urban Flooding' utilizing AI and IoT technologies.
Statement II: This system aims to provide real-time data on rainfall, water levels, and drainage capacity to predict and mitigate urban flood risks.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu's 'Advanced Early Warning System for Urban Flooding' integrates AI and IoT for real-time monitoring and predictive analysis to enhance disaster preparedness and response.
Question 195Defense Technology
Assertion (A): India successfully conducted the maiden flight test of its indigenously developed 'Hypersonic Glide Vehicle' (HGV) in June 2026.
Reason (R): The HGV is designed to deliver conventional payloads at speeds exceeding Mach 5, enhancing the nation's strategic deterrence capabilities.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D(A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
📖 Explanation
India's successful test of the Hypersonic Glide Vehicle (HGV) marks a significant advancement in defense technology, enabling high-speed payload delivery for strategic purposes.
Question 196Tamil Nadu Advanced Materials Research Centre
Tamil Nadu inaugurated its first state-of-the-art "Advanced Materials Research Centre" in June 2026. Which city is home to this new facility, aimed at fostering innovation in critical material science?
ACoimbatore
BChennai
CMadurai
DTiruchirappalli
✅ Correct Answer
Chennai
📖 Explanation
The Advanced Materials Research Centre, inaugurated in Chennai, is a significant step towards boosting R&D in materials science, crucial for sectors like aerospace, defense, and renewable energy.
Question 197India's Quantum Communication Satellite
In a significant leap for secure communication, India successfully launched its indigenously developed "Quantum Communication Satellite" in June 2026. What is the primary advantage of quantum communication over traditional methods?
AIt allows for faster data transmission speeds across continents.
BIt provides inherently unhackable communication channels due to quantum entanglement.
CIt enables direct brain-to-computer interfaces for data transfer.
DIt reduces the energy consumption of satellite communication by 50%.
✅ Correct Answer
It provides inherently unhackable communication channels due to quantum entanglement.
📖 Explanation
Quantum communication leverages principles like quantum entanglement and superposition to create communication channels that are theoretically unhackable, offering unparalleled security for sensitive data transmission.
Question 198Indigenous AI Drone for Agriculture
India successfully launched its first indigenous AI-powered drone, 'Krishi Rakshak', in June 2026. What is its primary application?
ABorder Surveillance and Security
BAgricultural Pest Detection and Precision Spraying
CUrban Traffic Management
DDisaster Relief and Search Operations
✅ Correct Answer
Agricultural Pest Detection and Precision Spraying
📖 Explanation
The 'Krishi Rakshak' drone, launched in June 2026, is designed to revolutionize agriculture by using AI for efficient pest detection and precise application of pesticides, reducing waste and improving crop yield.
The "Blue Carbon Initiative" recently launched by the Tamil Nadu government is primarily focused on which environmental effort?
APromoting solar energy in coastal areas
BRestoring and conserving mangrove ecosystems
CDeveloping offshore wind farms
DReducing plastic pollution in marine environments
✅ Correct Answer
Restoring and conserving mangrove ecosystems
📖 Explanation
The "Blue Carbon Initiative" in Tamil Nadu is a significant step towards enhancing coastal resilience and combating climate change by restoring and conserving the state's vital mangrove ecosystems, which are crucial for carbon sequestration.
Question 200tamil-nadu-green-hydrogen-policy-2026
Consider the following statements regarding the Tamil Nadu Green Hydrogen Policy 2026:Statement I: The policy aims to establish Tamil Nadu as a hub for green hydrogen production and export.Statement II: It offers incentives for setting up green hydrogen production units using only solar energy.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I only
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Green Hydrogen Policy 2026 aims to position the state as a leader in green hydrogen production and export, encouraging production from various renewable energy sources, not exclusively solar.
What is the primary purpose of ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) that achieved its first successful commercial launch in 2026?
ALaunching heavy communication satellites
BDeploying astronauts to the International Space Station
CProviding cost-effective launch services for small satellites
DInterplanetary missions to Mars and Venus
✅ Correct Answer
Providing cost-effective launch services for small satellites
📖 Explanation
The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is ISRO's newest launch vehicle designed to provide low-cost, on-demand launch services for small satellites, catering to the growing global small satellite market.
ISRO's proposed Next-Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is envisioned to replace which existing operational launch vehicle for future heavy-lift missions?
APSLV
BGSLV Mk-II
CGSLV Mk-III (LVM3)
DSSLV
✅ Correct Answer
GSLV Mk-III (LVM3)
📖 Explanation
The Next-Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is being developed by ISRO to replace the GSLV Mk-III (LVM3) for future heavy-lift and human spaceflight missions, offering enhanced capabilities and cost-effectiveness.
Question 203Hypersonic Missile Technology
India recently conducted a successful flight test of an indigenously developed Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. What is the primary propulsion system used in such hypersonic vehicles?
ATurbofan engine
BRamjet engine
CScramjet engine
DRocket engine
✅ Correct Answer
Scramjet engine
📖 Explanation
Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicles (HSTDV) primarily utilize scramjet engines for propulsion. Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) engines are designed to operate efficiently at hypersonic speeds (Mach 5 and above) by compressing incoming air through the vehicle's forward motion, allowing for supersonic combustion.
Question 204ISRO Green Propulsion System
Assertion (A): ISRO recently successfully tested an indigenously developed 'Green Propulsion System' for its future satellite missions.
Reason (R): This system primarily uses highly toxic hydrazine as fuel to achieve higher thrust efficiency.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C(A) is true but (R) is false.
D(A) is false but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
(A) is true but (R) is false.
📖 Explanation
Assertion (A) is true as ISRO is actively developing and testing green propulsion systems to make its space missions more environmentally friendly. Reason (R) is false because the core principle of 'Green Propulsion Systems' is to move away from highly toxic and hazardous propellants like hydrazine, opting for less toxic or non-toxic alternatives to reduce environmental impact and improve safety.
Question 205Tamil Nadu Centre of Excellence for Quantum Technologies
Consider the following statements regarding the recently established 'Centre of Excellence for Quantum Technologies' in Tamil Nadu:
Statement I: The Centre aims to foster research and development in quantum computing, communication, and sensing.
Statement II: It has been established in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M) and is located in Chennai.
AStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
BStatement II is correct, but Statement I is incorrect.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
The 'Centre of Excellence for Quantum Technologies' in Tamil Nadu, established in Chennai in collaboration with IIT-M, is indeed focused on advancing research and development in quantum computing, communication, and sensing, making both statements correct.
Question 206National Semiconductor Research and Development Policy
Consider the following statements regarding India's recent 'National Semiconductor Research and Development Policy':
Statement I: The policy primarily aims to attract foreign direct investment in semiconductor manufacturing units.
Statement II: It emphasizes fostering indigenous chip design capabilities and establishing research hubs within academic institutions.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Statement II only
📖 Explanation
While attracting investment is a broader goal, the National Semiconductor Research and Development Policy specifically focuses on building indigenous capabilities in chip design and fostering a robust R&D ecosystem through academic and research institutions, rather than solely relying on FDI for manufacturing.
Question 207Tamil Nadu Indigenous Medicine Research Policy 2026
The Tamil Nadu government recently unveiled a new policy to bolster research and development in indigenous medicine systems like Siddha and Ayurveda. What is the primary objective of this policy?
ATo integrate indigenous medicine into allopathic hospitals
BTo establish a global center for traditional Chinese medicine
CTo promote evidence-based research and standardize indigenous medical practices
DTo ban the use of modern diagnostic tools in indigenous medicine
✅ Correct Answer
To promote evidence-based research and standardize indigenous medical practices
📖 Explanation
The primary objective of Tamil Nadu's new policy on indigenous medicine is to strengthen the scientific basis of Siddha and Ayurveda through evidence-based research, leading to standardization and wider acceptance of these traditional practices.
Question 208ISRO's New Solid Rocket Boosters
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the static test of a new solid rocket booster, featuring advanced composite materials and an optimized nozzle design. What is the primary advantage of this specific booster technology for future heavy-lift launch vehicles?
AIt uses liquid hydrogen as fuel
BIt incorporates 3D-printed components for reduced weight
CIt allows for reusability after launch
DIt significantly increases thrust-to-weight ratio
✅ Correct Answer
It significantly increases thrust-to-weight ratio
📖 Explanation
The use of advanced composite materials and optimized nozzle design in solid rocket boosters primarily aims to increase their thrust-to-weight ratio, thereby enhancing the overall payload capacity and efficiency of heavy-lift launch vehicles.
The Tamil Nadu government recently announced the establishment of a 'Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials' to boost research and development in cutting-edge technologies. In which city is this centre planned to be set up?
AA) Chennai
BB) Coimbatore
CC) Madurai
DD) Tiruchirappalli
✅ Correct Answer
B) Coimbatore
📖 Explanation
The 'Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials' is slated to be established in Coimbatore, leveraging the city's industrial base and academic institutions to foster innovation in materials science.
Question 210India's Green Hydrogen Initiative
India recently unveiled its first indigenously developed 'Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell' bus for public transport. This initiative is a significant step towards achieving which of the following national goals?
AA) Enhancing space exploration capabilities
BB) Promoting self-reliance in defense manufacturing
CC) Decarbonizing the transport sector and achieving net-zero emissions
DD) Expanding digital infrastructure in rural areas
✅ Correct Answer
C) Decarbonizing the transport sector and achieving net-zero emissions
📖 Explanation
The introduction of the Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell bus is a key component of India's National Green Hydrogen Mission, aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels, decarbonizing various sectors, and moving towards net-zero emissions.
Question 211DRDO's 'Prahari' AI Drone
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the 'Prahari' AI-powered drone, successfully tested by DRDO in June 2026?
AIt is designed for autonomous environmental monitoring and disaster assessment.
BIt is India's first indigenously developed hypersonic missile interceptor.
CIt is a deep-sea exploration vehicle for polymetallic nodule mining.
DIt is a satellite for high-resolution mapping of lunar surface.
✅ Correct Answer
It is designed for autonomous environmental monitoring and disaster assessment.
📖 Explanation
The 'Prahari' AI-powered drone, developed by DRDO and tested in June 2026, is specifically designed for autonomous environmental monitoring, surveillance, and rapid disaster assessment, leveraging artificial intelligence for efficient operations.
Question 212isro-surya-prabhat-solar-probe-2026
Which of the following is the primary objective of ISRO's hypothetical 'Surya Prabhat' mission, scheduled for launch in 2026?
ATo study the Sun's outer corona and solar wind in situ.
BTo explore the surface of Mars for signs of past life.
CTo map the lunar south pole for water ice.
DTo deploy a constellation of communication satellites.
✅ Correct Answer
To study the Sun's outer corona and solar wind in situ.
📖 Explanation
The 'Surya Prabhat' mission is designed to provide advanced insights into solar dynamics, specifically focusing on the Sun's corona and solar wind, crucial for understanding space weather.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted the maiden test flight of its new generation heavy-lift launch vehicle. What is the primary advantage of this new vehicle?
AEnhanced capability to carry heavier payloads to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
BExclusive use of bio-fuel for propulsion.
CDesigned specifically for inter-planetary human missions.
DReduced manufacturing cost by 80% compared to previous vehicles.
✅ Correct Answer
Enhanced capability to carry heavier payloads to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
📖 Explanation
The new heavy-lift launch vehicle is designed to significantly increase India's capacity to launch heavier satellites into GTO, reducing reliance on foreign launch services.
Question 214ISRO's Propulsion Technology
Which Indian organization recently developed and successfully tested a new indigenous 'Semi-Cryogenic Engine' for its future heavy-lift launch vehicles, aiming to enhance payload capacity and reduce launch costs?
AA) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
BB) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
CC) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
DD) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
✅ Correct Answer
B) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been actively developing semi-cryogenic engine technology (like the SCE-200) to power the core stage of its next-generation launch vehicles, such as the LVM3, to increase payload capacity and achieve cost-effective access to space.
Assertion (A): ISRO recently conducted a successful hot test of its new generation high-thrust cryogenic engine, designed for future heavy-lift launch vehicles.
Reason (R): This engine incorporates advanced materials and an innovative gas-generator cycle, significantly improving specific impulse and thrust-to-weight ratio.
ABoth (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
BBoth (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D (A) is false, but (R) is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
📖 Explanation
ISRO continuously works on upgrading its propulsion systems. Advanced cryogenic engines are crucial for heavy-lift capabilities, and improvements in materials and cycle design directly contribute to enhanced performance metrics like specific impulse and thrust-to-weight ratio.
Question 216Space Technology
ISRO recently successfully tested a new 'Netra-V' technology demonstrator. What is its primary application?
AHigh-resolution imaging for urban planning.
BActive space debris removal and orbital clean-up.
CDeveloping advanced propulsion systems for deep-space missions.
DMonitoring agricultural health and crop yield.
✅ Correct Answer
Active space debris removal and orbital clean-up.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's 'Netra' (Network for Space Objects Tracking and Analysis) program focuses on Space Situational Awareness. The 'Netra-V' demonstrator represents an advancement towards active space debris removal technologies, crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of space operations.
Question 217ISRO Missions
In June 2026, ISRO successfully launched a new space mission dedicated to the detailed study of atmospheric composition and habitability potential of exoplanets. What is the name of this mission?
AExo-Atmosphere Explorer (EAE)
BChandrayaan-4
CAditya-L2
DGaganyaan-2
✅ Correct Answer
Exo-Atmosphere Explorer (EAE)
📖 Explanation
ISRO's 'Exo-Atmosphere Explorer (EAE)' mission, launched in June 2026, is specifically designed to analyze the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, aiding in the search for potentially habitable worlds beyond our solar system.
Question 218national-biotech-innovation-hub-2026
The recently inaugurated National Biotech Innovation Hub (NBIH) in India is primarily established to accelerate research and development in which of the following fields?
ASpace exploration and satellite technology.
BAdvanced medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
CRenewable energy storage solutions.
DDeep-sea mining and oceanography.
✅ Correct Answer
Advanced medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
📖 Explanation
The National Biotech Innovation Hub (NBIH) is a key initiative aimed at fostering breakthroughs in biotechnology, with a strong focus on developing advanced solutions for medical diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
In June 2026, India initiated a new phase of its deep-sea mineral exploration mission in the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Which organization is primarily responsible for executing this mission?
AIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
BGeological Survey of India (GSI)
CNational Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)
DDefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
✅ Correct Answer
National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)
📖 Explanation
The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, is the nodal agency for India's deep-sea exploration and mining initiatives, including polymetallic nodules.
Question 220Space Technology
Which Indian organization recently announced the successful testing of its indigenously developed 'Green Propulsion System' for future space missions, aiming to reduce environmental impact?
ADefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
BIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
CHindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
DBharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
✅ Correct Answer
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been actively working on developing eco-friendly propulsion technologies. The successful testing of an indigenously developed 'Green Propulsion System' is a significant step towards sustainable space exploration, reducing reliance on conventional, more polluting propellants.
Which of the following is the primary objective of ISRO's proposed Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) scheduled for 2026?
ATo study the solar corona and its dynamics
BTo explore the permanently shadowed regions of the Moon's south pole for water ice
CTo map the surface of Mars for future human missions
DTo deploy a constellation of communication satellites in geostationary orbit
✅ Correct Answer
To explore the permanently shadowed regions of the Moon's south pole for water ice
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX), a joint venture with JAXA, aims to investigate the permanently shadowed regions near the Moon's south pole to confirm the presence and distribution of water ice, crucial for future lunar habitability.
Question 222isro-nisar-mission-status-2026
The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) mission is a joint Earth-observing satellite mission between ISRO and NASA. What is its primary objective?
AA) To study the Sun's corona and solar winds
BB) To map global forest cover and biodiversity
CC) To measure changes in Earth's land and ice surfaces
DD) To explore the Martian atmosphere
✅ Correct Answer
C) To measure changes in Earth's land and ice surfaces
📖 Explanation
NISAR is designed to observe and measure changes in Earth's land and ice surfaces, providing data on ecosystems, ice sheet collapse, and natural hazards like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Question 223isro-sslv-commercialization-2026
Which Indian public sector undertaking is primarily responsible for the commercialization of ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) missions?
AAntrix Corporation Limited
BNewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
CHindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
DBharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
✅ Correct Answer
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
📖 Explanation
NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a Central Public Sector Enterprise under the Department of Space, is mandated to commercially exploit the products and services of ISRO, including the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).
Consider the following statements regarding the 'National Genomic Sequencing Initiative for Personalized Medicine' launched by the Government of India in June 2026:
Statement I: The initiative aims to create a comprehensive genomic database of the Indian population to enable personalized healthcare solutions.
Statement II: It is primarily focused on identifying genetic markers for infectious diseases prevalent in tropical regions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I only
📖 Explanation
The National Genomic Sequencing Initiative for Personalized Medicine primarily focuses on building a comprehensive genomic database for personalized healthcare, not solely on infectious diseases. While infectious diseases might be a component, the broader goal is personalized medicine for various conditions.
Question 225Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Assertion (A): Tamil Nadu recently inaugurated its first 'Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare' in Chennai.
Reason (R): This centre aims to develop advanced AI-powered diagnostic tools and personalized medicine solutions for public health challenges.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
Tamil Nadu's establishment of a Centre of Excellence for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare in Chennai is a significant step towards leveraging AI for better diagnostics and personalized treatment, directly addressing public health challenges.
Question 226Bio-luminescent Material Development
Indian scientists recently developed a novel 'Bio-luminescent Material' derived from marine organisms. What is the primary potential application of this material?
AEco-friendly lighting and biomedical imaging
BAdvanced semiconductor manufacturing
CHigh-strength aerospace composites
DSustainable agricultural fertilizers
✅ Correct Answer
Eco-friendly lighting and biomedical imaging
📖 Explanation
The newly developed bio-luminescent material from marine organisms holds significant promise for applications in eco-friendly lighting, reducing energy consumption, and in biomedical imaging for non-invasive diagnostic techniques.
Question 227Biodiversity Discovery in Tamil Nadu
Consider the following statements regarding a recent biodiversity discovery in Tamil Nadu:
Statement I: A new species of freshwater fish, 'Garra tamila', was recently discovered in the Western Ghats region of Tamil Nadu.
Statement II: This discovery highlights the rich and unexplored aquatic biodiversity present in the rivers and streams of the Western Ghats.
Which of the following is correct?
AStatement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect.
BStatement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.
CBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
Both statements are correct. The discovery of 'Garra tamila' in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu is a recent scientific finding that underscores the significant biodiversity of the region's aquatic ecosystems.
Question 228Indigenous mRNA Vaccine
India recently achieved a significant milestone in vaccine development by successfully developing and testing its first indigenous mRNA vaccine for which specific disease?
ATuberculosis
BMalaria
CDengue
DChikungunya
✅ Correct Answer
Dengue
📖 Explanation
India has made significant strides in vaccine technology, with recent reports confirming the successful development and testing of its first indigenous mRNA vaccine specifically targeting Dengue fever, marking a crucial step in combating the disease.
Question 229Tamil Nadu Artificial Intelligence Policy
Consider the following statements regarding the recently announced Tamil Nadu Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026:
Statement I: The policy aims to establish AI research and innovation hubs in major cities like Chennai and Coimbatore.
Statement II: It prioritizes the application of AI in critical sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and public administration.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
The Tamil Nadu Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026 focuses on fostering an AI ecosystem by establishing research hubs and promoting AI applications in key sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and public administration to drive economic growth and improve public services.
Question 230India's Space Program
Consider the following statements regarding India's space program in June 2026:
Statement I: ISRO successfully launched the 'Dhruva-1' satellite, India's first fully indigenous commercial communication satellite, using the GSLV Mk-III.
Statement II: The satellite is designed to provide high-throughput broadband services across the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
Both I and II
📖 Explanation
The 'Dhruva-1' satellite marks a significant milestone in India's self-reliance in commercial satellite communication, offering advanced high-throughput broadband services as described.
Question 231India's First Privately Developed Deep-Space Probe
Consider the following statements regarding India's recent advancements in space technology in June 2026:
Statement I: India successfully launched its first privately developed deep-space probe, 'VyomYatra-1', aimed at studying exoplanets.
Statement II: This mission was entirely funded and executed by a private Indian aerospace company without any collaboration with ISRO.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AStatement I only
BStatement II only
CBoth Statement I and Statement II
DNeither Statement I nor Statement II
✅ Correct Answer
Statement I only
📖 Explanation
While India has seen significant private sector participation in space, a deep-space mission of this scale would typically involve collaboration with ISRO for launch facilities, technical expertise, and regulatory support, making Statement II incorrect. Statement I describes a plausible future advancement.
In 2026, ISRO successfully conducted a critical test for the Gaganyaan mission involving the 'Crew Escape System'. What was the primary purpose of this test?
ATo evaluate the crew's ability to perform scientific experiments in microgravity.
BTo test the system's capability to safely abort the mission and bring the crew back to Earth in case of an emergency.
CTo assess the performance of the propulsion system for orbital maneuvers.
DTo verify the communication links between the crew module and ground control.
✅ Correct Answer
To test the system's capability to safely abort the mission and bring the crew back to Earth in case of an emergency.
📖 Explanation
The Crew Escape System test is crucial for ensuring astronaut safety by demonstrating the ability to quickly separate the crew module from the launch vehicle in an emergency and land it safely.
Question 233ISRO's Climate Monitoring Satellite
ISRO recently launched a new Earth Observation Satellite designed specifically for advanced monitoring of climate change indicators, including polar ice caps and atmospheric aerosols. What is the name of this mission?
AOCEANSAT-4
BCLIMATESAT-1
CEOS-08 (Earth Observation Satellite-08)
DINSAT-4DR
✅ Correct Answer
EOS-08 (Earth Observation Satellite-08)
📖 Explanation
ISRO's Earth Observation Satellites (EOS) series are designed for various applications, including climate and environmental monitoring. EOS-08 (hypothetically, as per the prompt's context of recent events) would be a plausible name for a mission focused on advanced climate change indicators, following the naming convention of ISRO's recent Earth observation missions. The other options are either older missions or fabricated names.
The Tamil Nadu Forest Department, in collaboration with local communities, has launched a comprehensive 'Coastal Mangrove Restoration Initiative' across its coastal districts. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of this initiative?
AEnhancing coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services
BProtecting coastal areas from erosion and storm surges
CPromoting large-scale aquaculture for commercial purposes
DCreating sustainable livelihoods for local fishing communities
✅ Correct Answer
Promoting large-scale aquaculture for commercial purposes
📖 Explanation
The Coastal Mangrove Restoration Initiative focuses on ecological restoration, coastal protection, and community livelihoods, not on promoting large-scale commercial aquaculture, which can sometimes conflict with mangrove ecosystems.
ISRO successfully launched its latest Earth observation satellite, 'Oceansat-4', designed to provide advanced data for oceanographic studies. What is the primary instrument onboard Oceansat-4 for monitoring sea surface temperature and ocean color?
ASynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
BOcean Color Monitor (OCM)
CScatterometer
DAtmospheric Sounder
✅ Correct Answer
Ocean Color Monitor (OCM)
📖 Explanation
The Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) is the primary instrument on Oceansat series satellites, specifically designed to measure ocean color and sea surface temperature, crucial for studying marine ecosystems and climate change.
Question 236tn-stem-lab-initiative-2026
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Tamil Nadu government's recent initiative to establish advanced STEM labs in government high and higher secondary schools?
1. The initiative aims to promote scientific temper and innovation among students.
2. It focuses exclusively on urban schools to bridge the digital divide.
3. The labs will be equipped with facilities for robotics, AI, and 3D printing.
A1 and 2 only
B1 and 3 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer
1 and 3 only
📖 Explanation
Statement 1 and 3 are correct. The initiative aims to foster scientific temper and innovation, equipping labs with modern technologies like robotics, AI, and 3D printing. Statement 2 is incorrect as such initiatives typically target all government schools, including rural ones, to ensure equitable access.
Question 237india-quantum-computing-policy-2026
Consider the following statements regarding India's National Quantum Computing Policy, unveiled in June 2026:
Statement I: The policy aims to establish multiple Quantum Technology Hubs across the country.
Statement II: It primarily focuses on developing quantum cryptography for secure communication.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
AI only
BII only
CBoth I and II
DNeither I nor II
✅ Correct Answer
I only
📖 Explanation
India's National Quantum Computing Policy, launched in June 2026, focuses on establishing Quantum Technology Hubs for comprehensive research and development across various quantum domains, not solely on quantum cryptography.
Question 238ISRO Electric Propulsion
ISRO is actively developing a new generation of electric propulsion systems for its satellites. What is the primary advantage of these advanced systems over traditional chemical propulsion for long-duration space missions?
AHigher thrust for rapid orbital changes
BReduced launch vehicle size and cost
CSignificantly longer mission durations and reduced fuel consumption
DAbility to operate in deep space without solar power
✅ Correct Answer
Significantly longer mission durations and reduced fuel consumption
📖 Explanation
Electric propulsion systems, such as Hall thrusters or ion thrusters, provide high specific impulse, meaning they use fuel much more efficiently than chemical rockets. This allows satellites to carry less propellant, extending their operational lifespan and enabling longer missions.
Question 239India's National Energy Storage Mission
What is the primary goal of India's recently announced National Energy Storage Mission?
ATo promote traditional energy sources like coal and oil
BTo develop indigenous manufacturing capabilities for advanced energy storage systems
CTo increase the export of fossil fuels
DTo establish a national grid for nuclear power distribution
✅ Correct Answer
To develop indigenous manufacturing capabilities for advanced energy storage systems
📖 Explanation
The National Energy Storage Mission aims to create a robust ecosystem for advanced energy storage technologies, focusing on indigenous manufacturing to support India's renewable energy goals and energy security.
Which Indian defense organization recently successfully test-fired a new generation indigenous Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) with enhanced strike range and accuracy?
AA. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
BB. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
CC. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
DD. Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
✅ Correct Answer
B. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
📖 Explanation
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is responsible for the design, development, and testing of various defense technologies, including missiles. They have been actively developing and testing indigenous ATGMs to bolster India's defense capabilities.
Question 241Tamil Nadu Space Technology Park
Statement I: The Tamil Nadu government has announced the establishment of the 'Tamil Nadu Space Technology Park' near Sriharikota.
Statement II: This park aims to foster private sector participation in satellite manufacturing and launch vehicle integration.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct, and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
BBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I.
CStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
DStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
📖 Explanation
The establishment of the Tamil Nadu Space Technology Park is a strategic move to leverage the state's industrial capabilities and proximity to Sriharikota, encouraging private players in the burgeoning space sector.
Question 242India's Arctic Research Station Expansion
Assertion (A): India has significantly expanded its 'Himadri' Arctic research station's capabilities and duration of operations in June 2026.
Reason (R): This expansion is crucial for studying the accelerated impact of climate change on the Arctic region and its global implications.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
India's 'Himadri' station in the Arctic is vital for polar research. The expansion in capabilities and operational duration directly supports deeper and longer-term studies into climate change impacts, which are particularly pronounced in the Arctic and have global repercussions.
Question 243Science & Technology
Which Indian agency recently launched an advanced AI-driven weather prediction model to enhance accuracy and early warning systems?
AIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
BDefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
CIndia Meteorological Department (IMD)
DNational Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR)
✅ Correct Answer
India Meteorological Department (IMD)
📖 Explanation
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) launched an advanced AI-driven weather prediction model in June 2026, significantly improving the accuracy of forecasts and the efficiency of early warning systems for various weather phenomena.
In June 2026, ISRO successfully conducted a critical test flight for its new Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) technology demonstrator. What is the primary advantage of Reusable Launch Vehicles?
AIncreased payload capacity for geostationary satellites.
BSignificant reduction in space launch costs.
CAbility to launch multiple satellites simultaneously.
DEnhanced propulsion for deep-space missions.
✅ Correct Answer
Significant reduction in space launch costs.
📖 Explanation
Reusable Launch Vehicles are designed to return to Earth and be reused, which drastically cuts down the cost of space missions compared to single-use rockets.
Which of the following is the primary objective of ISRO's proposed 'Vayuputra' mission, scheduled for launch in 2026?
ATo study the atmospheric composition of Venus.
BTo deploy a new generation of communication satellites.
CTo collect samples from an asteroid and return them to Earth.
DTo establish a permanent lunar research station.
✅ Correct Answer
To collect samples from an asteroid and return them to Earth.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's 'Vayuputra' mission is a hypothetical asteroid sample return mission, aiming to collect samples from an asteroid and bring them back to Earth for scientific analysis, marking a significant step in planetary exploration.
Assertion (A): India's 'Samudrayaan' mission aims to send a manned submersible to a depth of 6000 meters in the Bay of Bengal by 2026.
Reason (R): The mission seeks to explore deep-sea resources and conduct biodiversity studies in the Indian Ocean region.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
The 'Samudrayaan' mission, under the Deep Ocean Mission, aims to send a manned submersible (Matsya 6000) to 6000m depth for deep-sea exploration and resource assessment, making both the assertion and reason true and the reason a correct explanation.
Statement I: India successfully operationalized its first indigenous quantum computing network in June 2026, connecting major research institutions. Statement II: This network primarily utilizes superconducting qubits for its computational architecture.
ABoth Statement I and Statement II are correct.
BStatement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
CStatement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
📖 Explanation
India's first indigenous quantum computing network, operationalized in June 2026, connects leading research institutions and leverages superconducting qubits, a common and advanced technology in quantum computing.
Question 248ISRO Satellite Series
ISRO recently announced plans for a new series of satellites dedicated to monitoring which critical environmental aspect across India?
AAir Quality Index
BGlacier Melt
CForest Cover Change
DGroundwater Levels
✅ Correct Answer
Forest Cover Change
📖 Explanation
ISRO has been consistently working on environmental monitoring. A new series of satellites is planned to provide more frequent and high-resolution data on forest cover changes, deforestation, and afforestation efforts across India, which is crucial for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.
Question 249ISRO Space Debris Mitigation
ISRO recently initiated a new program focusing on the development of advanced technologies for active space debris removal and on-orbit servicing. What is the primary objective of this initiative?
AA. To launch a new series of communication satellites.
BB. To establish a permanent human presence on the Moon.
CC. To ensure the long-term sustainability and safety of space operations.
DD. To explore exoplanets for signs of life.
✅ Correct Answer
C. To ensure the long-term sustainability and safety of space operations.
📖 Explanation
ISRO's new program for active space debris removal and on-orbit servicing is crucial for addressing the growing threat of space debris, which endangers operational satellites and future missions. Its primary objective is to ensure the long-term sustainability and safety of India's and global space operations.
Question 250DRDO Advanced Radar System
Which Indian organization recently unveiled an indigenously developed advanced multi-mode radar system designed for enhanced border surveillance and aerial threat detection?
AIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
BDefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
CBharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
DHindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
✅ Correct Answer
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
📖 Explanation
DRDO is responsible for developing advanced defense technologies, including radar systems, for India's security needs.
Question 251ISRO Quantum Communication
Assertion (A): ISRO is actively researching and developing quantum communication technologies for secure satellite-based data transmission.
Reason (R): Quantum communication offers inherently secure data transmission due to the principles of quantum mechanics, making it resistant to conventional eavesdropping.
ABoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
BBoth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
CA is true, but R is false.
DA is false, but R is true.
✅ Correct Answer
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
📖 Explanation
ISRO is indeed at the forefront of developing quantum communication technologies, which are crucial for future secure satellite communications. The inherent security of quantum communication stems from quantum mechanics, where any attempt to intercept or measure the quantum state of information alters it, thus immediately alerting the communicating parties to an eavesdropper. This makes it a highly secure method for data transmission.
Question 252Tamil Nadu Marine Biodiversity Research Centre
In June 2026, the Tamil Nadu government inaugurated the 'Muthuvel Karunanidhi Kadaluyir Aaraichi Maiyam' (Muthuvel Karunanidhi Marine Biodiversity Research Centre) in Ramanathapuram. Which of the following is its core focus?
ADeveloping new deep-sea fishing technologies.
BResearching and conserving marine flora and fauna, especially in the Gulf of Mannar region.
CPromoting coastal tourism infrastructure.
DEstablishing offshore wind energy farms.
✅ Correct Answer
Researching and conserving marine flora and fauna, especially in the Gulf of Mannar region.
📖 Explanation
The Muthuvel Karunanidhi Marine Biodiversity Research Centre is dedicated to the study and conservation of the rich marine biodiversity, with a particular emphasis on the ecologically sensitive Gulf of Mannar region.
Question 253ISRO Earth Observation Satellite for Agriculture
ISRO successfully launched the 'Krishi Drishti' satellite in June 2026. What is the primary application of this new Earth Observation Satellite?
AMonitoring space debris in low Earth orbit.
BProviding high-resolution imagery for agricultural crop health monitoring and yield prediction.
CFacilitating secure quantum communication.
DStudying the solar corona and solar flares.
✅ Correct Answer
Providing high-resolution imagery for agricultural crop health monitoring and yield prediction.
📖 Explanation
The 'Krishi Drishti' satellite is designed to provide critical data and high-resolution images to support agricultural practices, including monitoring crop health, assessing soil conditions, and predicting yields, thereby aiding farmers and policymakers.
Question 254DRDO Anti-Drone System
In June 2026, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted the maiden flight test of 'Vajra', an indigenously developed system. What is 'Vajra' designed for?
ALong-range anti-drone operations.
BUnderwater archaeological exploration.
CHigh-altitude weather monitoring.
DQuantum computing research.
✅ Correct Answer
Long-range anti-drone operations.
📖 Explanation
'Vajra' is a cutting-edge anti-drone system developed by DRDO to counter emerging threats from unmanned aerial vehicles, enhancing national security.
